Java如何调用Excel函数

在Java中,我们可以使用Apache POI库来操作Excel文件。Apache POI是一个用于读写Microsoft Office文件的Java库,它支持Excel、Word和PowerPoint文件的操作。在本篇文章中,我们将演示如何使用Java调用Excel函数来解决一个具体的问题。

问题描述

假设我们有一个包含销售数据的Excel表格,其中包括产品名称和销售额。我们想要计算每个产品的销售额占总销售额的百分比,并绘制一个饼状图来展示结果。

解决方案

首先,我们需要导入Apache POI的相关依赖。在Maven项目中,可以将以下代码添加到pom.xml文件中:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

接下来,我们需要编写Java代码来解析Excel文件,并计算销售额的百分比。

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class ExcelFunctionExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 读取Excel文件
            FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream("sales_data.xlsx");
            Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(file);
            Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);

            // 获取总销售额
            double totalSales = getTotalSales(sheet);

            // 计算每个产品的销售额占比
            Map<String, Double> salesPercentage = calculateSalesPercentage(sheet, totalSales);

            // 创建饼状图
            createPieChart(workbook, sheet, salesPercentage);

            // 保存Excel文件
            FileOutputStream outputFile = new FileOutputStream("sales_data_with_chart.xlsx");
            workbook.write(outputFile);
            workbook.close();
            outputFile.close();

            System.out.println("Excel文件已生成。");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static double getTotalSales(Sheet sheet) {
        double totalSales = 0;

        for (Row row : sheet) {
            Cell salesCell = row.getCell(1);
            if (salesCell != null && salesCell.getCellType() == CellType.NUMERIC) {
                totalSales += salesCell.getNumericCellValue();
            }
        }

        return totalSales;
    }

    private static Map<String, Double> calculateSalesPercentage(Sheet sheet, double totalSales) {
        Map<String, Double> salesPercentage = new HashMap<>();

        for (Row row : sheet) {
            Cell productCell = row.getCell(0);
            Cell salesCell = row.getCell(1);

            if (productCell != null && salesCell != null && salesCell.getCellType() == CellType.NUMERIC) {
                String productName = productCell.getStringCellValue();
                double sales = salesCell.getNumericCellValue();
                double percentage = (sales / totalSales) * 100;

                salesPercentage.put(productName, percentage);
            }
        }

        return salesPercentage;
    }

    private static void createPieChart(Workbook workbook, Sheet sheet, Map<String, Double> salesPercentage) {
        Drawing<?> drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();

        ClientAnchor anchor = drawing.createAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 10, 20);

        Chart chart = drawing.createChart(anchor);
        ChartLegend legend = chart.getOrCreateLegend();
        legend.setPosition(LegendPosition.RIGHT);

        PieChartData data = chart.getChartDataFactory().createPieChartData();

        for (Map.Entry<String, Double> entry : salesPercentage.entrySet()) {
            String productName = entry.getKey();
            double percentage = entry.getValue();

            data.addSeries(workbook.getCreationHelper().createRichTextString(productName),
                    workbook.getCreationHelper().createRichTextString(percentage + "%"),
                    workbook.getCreationHelper().createRichTextString(productName));
        }

        chart.plot(data);
    }
}

上述代码中,我们首先读取Excel文件,并使用getTotalSales方法计算总销售额。然后,使用calculateSalesPercentage方法计算每个产品的销售额占比,并将结果存储在salesPercentage映射中。最后,使用createPieChart方法创建饼状图,并将结果保存在新的Excel文件中。

类图

下面是使用Mermaid语法绘制的类图:

classDiagram
    ExcelFunctionExample --> FileInputStream
    ExcelFunctionExample --> FileOutputStream
    ExcelFunctionExample --> Workbook
    ExcelFunctionExample --> Sheet
    ExcelFunctionExample --> Row
    ExcelFunctionExample --> Cell
    ExcelFunction