http://www.itivy.com/java/archive/2012/3/10/634670155561047970.html
HBase安装过程
环境：
windows 7 SP1
virtualbox 4.1.4 r74291
ubuntu 11.10
一、安装需求
安装java 1.6，hadoop 0.20.x及zookeeper
本次安装仅使用一台虚拟机（192.168.1.102），机上已安装hadoop 0.20.205.0和zookeeper 3.4.3（zookeeper的安装方法可见于 ZooKeeper安装过程）。
此次安装的hbase版本为0.92.0。
安装成功并执行后，该虚拟机会有以下java进程：
NameNode
DataNode
SecondaryNameNode
TaskTracker
JobTracker
HMaster （hbase）
HRegionServer （hbase）
QuorumPeerMain （zookeeper）
二、安装hbase
1、下载hbase
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//hbase/stable/hbase-0.92.0-security.tar.gz
其他版本下载地址（最好使用stable版本）：http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/hbase/
2、解压
tar -xf hbase-0.92.0-security.tar.gz
将解压后的hbase-0.92.0-security文件放在系统的/home/hadooptest/中。
3、修改配置
hbase的安装是基于hdfs的，hbase的配置主要涉及conf目录下的三个文件：hbase-env.sh，hbase-site.xml，regionservers。
①修改hbase-env.sh
#必修配置的地方为：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
export HBASE_CLASSPATH=/home/hadooptest/hadoop-0.20.205.0/conf
export HBASE_OPTS="-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC"
export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=true
其中，JAVA_HOME为java安装路径，HBASE_CLASSPATH为hadoop安装路径。
②修改hbase-site.xml
修改其内容为：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>hbase.rootdir</name>
<value>hdfs://namenode/hbase</value>
<description>The directory shared by region servers.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.master.port</name>
<value>60000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
#<property>
#<name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
#<value>/home/hadooptest/zookeeper-3.4.3/zookeeperdir/zookeeper-data</value>
#</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort</name>
<value>2181</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>zookeeper</value>
</property>
</configuration>
其中，hbase.rootdir这一项的配置必须与hdfs的fs.name.default项一致，还要为hbase指定根目录/hbase。hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir属性（在此次配置中已注释掉）来把ZooKeeper保存数据的目录地址改掉，默认值是/tmp （重启的时候会被操作系统删掉），不过我已经在zookeeper的conf/zoo.cfg文件中将dataDir设置为/home/hadooptest/zookeeper-3.4.3/zookeeperdir/zookeeper-data（详见于 ZooKeeper安装过程），所以此处不须使用该属性。hbase.zookeeper.quorum指定了所有的zookeeper，此处的值为zookeeper，其已经在/etc/hosts文件中映射为192.168.1.102（本机），如果想指定多个zookeeper，可在此项中用逗号将不同的zookeeper隔开。
③修改regionservers
文件原先为空，在其中加入：
regionserver
regionserver已在/etc/hosts中映射为192.168.1.102。如果有多个regionserver，可继续添加regionserver，每行填写一个。
④为方便使用启动脚本，在/etc/profile中设置环境变量
在/etc/profile中添加以下内容：
export HBASE_HOME=/home/hadooptest/hbase-0.92.0-security
PATH=$HBASE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH
⑤配置完毕。若配置多台机器，可将此次配置的hbase目录拷贝到其他机器的相同目录下。当然，/etc/hosts也要做相应的改动。
三、启动并测试hbase
1、启动zookeeper和hbase
查看一些文档得知，直接执行bin/start-hbase.sh可先启动zookeeper，再启动master，最后启动regionserver。
但是可能是配置或者版本不兼容的问题，我执行start-hbase.sh后，却仅启动了master和regionserver，没有启动zookeeper。而且master和regionserver会一直循环等待连接到zookeeper，超时便会结束进程。所以只能先手动启动zookeeper。
①启动zookeeper
执行zkServer.sh start：
hadooptest@tigerchan-VirtualBox:~$ zkServer.sh start
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /home/hadooptest/zookeeper-3.4.3/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED
②启动hbase
执行start-hbase.sh：
hadooptest@tigerchan-VirtualBox:~$ start-hbase.sh
zookeeper: starting zookeeper, logging to /home/hadooptest/hbase-0.92.0-security/bin/../logs/hbase-hadooptest-zookeeper-tigerchan-VirtualBox.out
starting master, logging to /home/hadooptest/hbase-0.92.0-security/logs/hbase-hadooptest-master-tigerchan-VirtualBox.out
regionserver: starting regionserver, logging to /home/hadooptest/hbase-0.92.0-security/bin/../logs/hbase-hadooptest-regionserver-tigerchan-VirtualBox.out
2、输入jps命令查看进程
2640 NameNode
2991 DataNode
8997 Jps
8698 HRegionServer
3238 SecondaryNameNode
3580 TaskTracker
3326 JobTracker
8974 QuorumPeerMain
8478 HMaster
3、测试hbase
①执行hbase shell进入hbase
hadooptest@tigerchan-VirtualBox:~$ hbase shell
HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 0.92.0, r1231986, Tue Jan 17 02:30:24 UTC 2012
hbase(main):001:0>
②测试创建表的功能
hbase(main):001:0> create 'test', 'cf'
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadooptest/hbase-0.92.0-security/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.5.8.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadooptest/hadoop-0.20.205.0/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.4.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
ERROR: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException: Retried 7 times
提示错误了（SLF4J不是具体的日志解决方案，它只服务于各种各样的日志系统。此处提示有多个SLF4J绑定，不影响主要功能，暂且略过），master没有运行。（如果你创建成功，恭喜你，你可以跳到下一步继续测试了）
但是master进程已经存在。查看logs/hbase-hadooptest-master-tigerchan-VirtualBox.log日志发现：
2012-03-10 14:20:16,896 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.FSUtils: Unable to create version file at hdfs://namenode/hbase, retrying: java.io.IOException: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.ClientProtocol.create(java.lang.String, org.apache.hadoop.fs.permission.FsPermission, java.lang.String, boolean, boolean, short, long)
at java.lang.Class.getMethod(Class.java:1605)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:557)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:1388)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:1384)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:396)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1059)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:1382)
参考博文 hadoop 异常记录 ERROR: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException: Retried 7 times后觉得应该是RPC协议不一致所造成的。解决方法是：将hbase-0.92.0-security/lib目录下的hadoop-core-1.0.0.jar文件删除，将hadoop-0.20.205.0目录下的hadoop-core-0.20.205.0.jar拷贝到hbase/lib下面。同时，我发现了hbase-0.92.0-security/lib目录下的zookeeper-3.4.2.jar文件，于是也将其删除，将zookeeper-3.4.3目录下的zookeeper-3.4.3.jar拷贝到hbase/lib下，然后重新启动hbase。
重新执行hbase shell然后创建表，这次迟迟没有输出结果。于是只能再查看hbase-hadooptest-master-tigerchan-VirtualBox.log日志，发现：
org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RetriesExhaustedException: Failed setting up proxy interface org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.HRegionInterface to localhost/127.0.0.1:60020 after attempts=1
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.HBaseRPC.waitForProxy(HBaseRPC.java:242)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.getHRegionConnection(HConnectionManager.java:1278)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.getHRegionConnection(HConnectionManager.java:1235)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.getHRegionConnection(HConnectionManager.java:1222)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.ServerManager.getServerConnection(ServerManager.java:496)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.ServerManager.sendRegionOpen(ServerManager.java:429)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.AssignmentManager.assign(AssignmentManager.java:1453)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.AssignmentManager.assign(AssignmentManager.java:1200)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.AssignmentManager.assign(AssignmentManager.java:1175)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.AssignmentManager.assign(AssignmentManager.java:1170)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.AssignmentManager.assignRoot(AssignmentManager.java:1918)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.HMaster.assignRootAndMeta(HMaster.java:557)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.HMaster.finishInitialization(HMaster.java:491)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.HMaster.run(HMaster.java:326)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
日志显示master一直在等待连接localhost上的regionserver。于是再查看hbase-hadooptest-regionserver-tigerchan-VirtualBox.log日志，发现：
2012-03-10 15:08:41,368 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseServer: PRI IPC Server handler 0 on 60020: starting
2012-03-10 15:08:41,370 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseServer: PRI IPC Server handler 1 on 60020: starting
2012-03-10 15:08:41,372 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseServer: PRI IPC Server handler 2 on 60020: starting
2012-03-10 15:08:41,373 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseServer: PRI IPC Server handler 3 on 60020: starting
2012-03-10 15:08:41,376 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseServer: PRI IPC Server handler 4 on 60020: starting
2012-03-10 15:08:41,377 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseServer: PRI IPC Server handler 5 on 60020: starting
2012-03-10 15:08:41,380 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseServer: PRI IPC Server handler 6 on 60020: starting
2012-03-10 15:08:41,382 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseServer: PRI IPC Server handler 7 on 60020: starting
2012-03-10 15:08:41,384 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseServer: PRI IPC Server handler 8 on 60020: starting
2012-03-10 15:08:41,388 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseServer: PRI IPC Server handler 9 on 60020: starting
2012-03-10 15:08:41,394 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.HRegionServer: Serving as localhost,60020,1331362969179, RPC listening on tigerchan-VirtualBox/127.0.1.1:60020, sessionid=0x135fb6a344a0001
2012-03-10 15:08:41,400 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.SplitLogWorker: SplitLogWorker localhost,60020,1331362969179 starting
regionserver却一直在监听tigerchan-VirtualBox/127.0.1.1:60020。
于是修改/etc/hosts文件，将tigerchan-VirtualBox映射为127.0.0.1。重启hbase，创建表成功。
③继续测试添加数据、浏览、删除等其他功能，参考http://hbase.apache.org/book/quickstart.html
hadooptest@tigerchan-VirtualBox:~$ hbase shell
HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 0.92.0, r1231986, Tue Jan 17 02:30:24 UTC 2012
hbase(main):001:0> create 'test', 'cf'
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadooptest/hbase-0.92.0-security/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.5.8.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadooptest/hadoop-0.20.205.0/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.4.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
0 row(s) in 2.9830 seconds
hbase(main):002:0> list 'test'
TABLE
test
1 row(s) in 0.2440 seconds
hbase(main):003:0> put 'test', 'row1', 'cf:a', 'value1'
0 row(s) in 1.2880 seconds
hbase(main):004:0> put 'test', 'row2', 'cf:b', 'value2'
0 row(s) in 0.0400 seconds
hbase(main):005:0> put 'test', 'row3', 'cf:c', 'value3'
0 row(s) in 0.0330 seconds
hbase(main):006:0> scan 'test'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf:a, timestamp=1331369650710, value=value1
row2 column=cf:b, timestamp=1331369678008, value=value2
row3 column=cf:c, timestamp=1331369689414, value=value3
3 row(s) in 0.2880 seconds
hbase(main):007:0> get 'test', 'row1'
COLUMN CELL
cf:a timestamp=1331369650710, value=value1
1 row(s) in 0.1670 seconds
hbase(main):008:0> drop 'test'
ERROR: Table test is enabled. Disable it first.'
Here is some help for this command:
Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled. If table has
more than one region, run a major compaction on .META.:
hbase> major_compact ".META."
hbase(main):009:0> disable 'test'
0 row(s) in 2.5160 seconds
hbase(main):010:0> drop 'test'
0 row(s) in 1.8860 seconds
hbase(main):011:0> exit
4、停止hbase
执行stop-hbase.sh：
hadooptest@tigerchan-VirtualBox:~$ stop-hbase.sh
stopping hbase.............
zookeeper: no zookeeper to stop because kill -0 of pid 8422 failed with status 1
理论上应该能够停止zookeeper的QuorumPeerMain进程，但是仅停止了HMaster和HRegionServer进程。（执行stop-hbase.sh时时提示zookeeper进程号为8422，而实际上zookeeper进程号为8974，该问题暂无解决）
因此需要执行zkServer.sh stop才能停止zookeeper进程。
hadooptest@tigerchan-VirtualBox:~$ zkServer.sh stop
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /home/hadooptest/zookeeper-3.4.3/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Stopping zookeeper ... STOPPED
参考：
http://hbase.apache.org/book/quickstart.html
hadoop 异常记录 ERROR: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException: Retried 7 times
Hbase HMaster 无法启动 (Call to host:port failed on local exception)
注意你的hosts文件--记一次HBase问题定位
