缓存机制简单的说就是缓存sql文本及查询结果,如果运行相同的sql,服务器直接从缓存中取到结果,而不需要再去解析和执行sql。如果表更改了,那么使用这个表的所有缓冲查询将不再有效,查询缓存值的相关条目被清空。更改指的是表中任何数据或是结构的改变,包括INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、TRUNCATE、ALTER TABLE、DROP TABLE或DROP DATABASE等,也包括那些映射到改变了的表的使用MERGE表的查询。显然,这对于频繁更新的表,查询缓存是不适合的,而对于一些不常改变数据且有大量相同sql查询的表,查询缓存会节约很大的性能。

  查询必须是完全相同的(逐字节相同)才能够被认为是相同的。另外,同样的查询字符串由于其它原因可能认为是不同的。使用不同的数据库、不同的协议版本或者不同 默认字符集的查询被认为是不同的查询并且分别进行缓存。

  下面sql查询缓存认为是不同的:

SELECT * FROM tbl_name 


  Select * from tbl_name 


  查询缓存相关参数 


mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%query_cache%'; 

+------------------------------+---------+ 

| Variable_name | Value | 

+------------------------------+---------+ 

| have_query_cache | YES | --查询缓存是否可用 

| query_cache_limit | 1048576 | --可缓存具体查询结果的最大值 

| query_cache_min_res_unit | 4096 | 

| query_cache_size | 599040 | --查询缓存的大小 

| query_cache_type | ON | --阻止或是支持查询缓存 

| query_cache_wlock_invalidate | OFF | 

+------------------------------+---------+


  下面是一个简单的例子:

[mysql@csdba1850 ~]$ mysql -u root -p 

Enter password: 

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. 

Your MySQL connection id is 3 

Server version: 5.0.45-community MySQL Community Edition (GPL) 


Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. 


mysql> set global query_cache_size = 600000; --设置缓存内存 

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 


mysql> set session query_cache_type = ON; --开启查询缓存 

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 


mysql> use test 

Reading table information for completion of table and column names 

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A 


Database changed 

mysql> show tables; 

+----------------+ 

| Tables_in_test | 

+----------------+ 

| animals | 

| person | 

+----------------+ 

5 rows in set (0.00 sec) 


mysql> select count(*) from animals; 

+----------+ 

| count(*) | 

+----------+ 

| 6 | 

+----------+ 

1 row in set (0.00 sec) 


--Qcache_hits表示sql查询在缓存中命中的累计次数,是累加值。 

mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache_hits'; 

+---------------+-------+ 

| Variable_name | Value | 

+---------------+-------+ 

| Qcache_hits | 0 | --0次 

+---------------+-------+ 

8 rows in set (0.00 sec) 


mysql> select count(*) from animals; 

+----------+ 

| count(*) | 

+----------+ 

| 6 | 

+----------+ 

1 row in set (0.00 sec) 


mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache%'; 

+---------------+-------+ 

| Variable_name | Value | 

+---------------+-------+ 

| Qcache_hits | 1 | --表示sql在缓存中直接得到结果,不需要再去解析 

+---------------+-------+ 

8 rows in set (0.00 sec) 


mysql> select count(*) from animals; 

+----------+ 

| count(*) | 

+----------+ 

| 6 | 

+----------+ 

1 row in set (0.00 sec) 


mysql> select count(*) from animals; 

+----------+ 

| count(*) | 

+----------+ 

| 6 | 

+----------+ 

1 row in set (0.00 sec) 


mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache_hits'; 

+---------------+-------+ 

| Variable_name | Value | 

+---------------+-------+ 

| Qcache_hits | 3 | --上面的sql也是是从缓存中直接取到结果 

+---------------+-------+ 

1 row in set (0.00 sec) 


mysql> insert into animals select 9,'testsds' ; --插入数据后,跟这个表所有相关的sql缓存就会被清空掉 

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) 

Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 


mysql> select count(*) from animals; 

+----------+ 

| count(*) | 

+----------+ 

| 7 | 

+----------+ 

1 row in set (0.00 sec) 


mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache_hits'; 

+---------------+-------+ 

| Variable_name | Value | 

+---------------+-------+ 

| Qcache_hits | 3 | --还是等于3,说明上一条sql是没有直接从缓存中直接得到的 

+---------------+-------+ 

1 row in set (0.00 sec) 


mysql> select count(*) from animals; 

+----------+ 

| count(*) | 

+----------+ 

| 7 | 

+----------+ 

1 row in set (0.00 sec) 


mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache_hits'; 

+---------------+-------+ 

| Variable_name | Value | 

+---------------+-------+ 

| Qcache_hits | 4 | 

+---------------+-------+ 

1 row in set (0.00 sec)