这两个博客的内容写的比较好

iOS开发 之 可穿戴设备 蓝牙4.0 BLE 开发,iosble





id="iframeu1983349_0" src="http://pos.baidu.com/acom?rdid=1983349&dc=2&di=u1983349&dri=0&dis=0&dai=3&ps=452x433&dcb=BAIDU_EXP_UNION_define&dtm=BAIDU_DUP_SETJSONADSLOT&dvi=0.0&dci=-1&dpt=none&tsr=702&tpr=1451395782180&ti=iOS%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%20%E4%B9%8B%20%E5%8F%AF%E7%A9%BF%E6%88%B4%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%20%E8%93%9D%E7%89%994.0%20BLE%20%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%EF%BC%8Ciosble_Android%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%20%7C%20%E5%B8%AE%E5%AE%A2%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6&ari=1&dbv=2&drs=1&pcs=1178x655&pss=1178x718&cfv=0&cpl=4&chi=1&cce=true&cec=UTF-8&tlm=1433987306<u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bkjia.com%2FAndroidjc%2F1014769.html&ecd=1&psr=1280x800&par=1245x777&pis=-1x-1&ccd=24&cja=true&cmi=5&col=zh-CN&cdo=-1&tcn=1451395782&exps=110211&qn=758b300b24e0561c&tt=1451395781763.713.1292.1293&feid=110211" width="250" height="250" align="center,center" vspace="0" hspace="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; vertical-align: bottom; margin: 0px;">



iOS开发 之 可穿戴设备 蓝牙4.0 BLE 开发,iosble



1 前言

当前有越来越多的可穿戴设备使用了蓝牙4.0 BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy)。对于iOS开发而言,Apple之前专门推出CoreBluetooth的Framework来支持BLE的开发。对于硬件开发有了解的朋友应该知道,在之前使用低版本的蓝牙的设备,要连接到iOS设备上,需要注册MFI,拥有MFI协议才能进行相应的开发。如果大家关注我之前对LEGO EV3的研究,就可以发现,EV3是使用了蓝牙2.1,因此需要MFI协议来进行开发。

本文将一步一步讲解如何使用CoreBluetooth框架来与各种可穿戴设备进行通信,使用 小米手环 来进行基本的测试。 

ios蓝牙---(最终我自己测试成功了读和写)_可穿戴设备

2 开发环境

1 Macbook Pro Mac OS X 10.10 
2 Xcode 6.3.2 
3 iPhone 5s v8.1 
4 小米手环

3 基本流程

要开发蓝牙,需要对整个通讯过程有个基本了解。这里我摘录一些Apple官方的文档Core Bluetooth Programming Guide的图片来加以说明。这个文档其实对于开发的流程写的是非常的清楚,大家最好可以看一下。

3.1 可穿戴设备与iOS互联方式


ios蓝牙---(最终我自己测试成功了读和写)_iOS_02

从上面这幅图可以看到,我们的iOS设备是Central,用来接收数据和发送命令,而外设比如小米手环是Peripheral,向外传输数据和接收命令。我们要做的就是通过Central来连接Peripheral,然后实现数据的接收和控制指令的发送。在做到这一步之后,再根据具体的硬件,对接收到的数据进行parse解析。

3.2 可穿戴设备蓝牙的数据结构


ios蓝牙---(最终我自己测试成功了读和写)_数据_03

这里用的是心率设备来做说明,每个外设Peripheral都有对应的服务Service,比如这里是心率Service。一个外设可以有不止一个s、Service。每个service里面可以有多个属性Characteristic,比如这里有两个Characteristic,一个是用来测量心率,一个是用来定位位置。

那么很关键的一点是每个Service,每个Characteristic都是用UUID来确定的。UUID就是每个Service或Characteristic的identifier。

大家可以在iPhone上下载LightBlue这个应用。可以在这里查看一些设备的UUID。 

ios蓝牙---(最终我自己测试成功了读和写)_数据_04

在实际使用中,我们都是要通过UUID来获取数据。这点非常重要。 

在CoreBluetooth中,其具体的数据结构图如下: 

ios蓝牙---(最终我自己测试成功了读和写)_可穿戴设备_05

4 Step-By-Step 上手BLE开发

4.1 Step 1 创建CBCentralManager

从名字上大家可以很清楚的知道,这个类是用来管理BLE的。我们也就是通过这个类来实现连接。

先创建一个:

@property (nonatomic,strong) CBCentralManager *centralManager;

dispatch_queue_t centralQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.manmanlai", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
        self.centralManager = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:centralQueue];

然后关键在于CBCentralManagerDelegate的使用。这个之后再讲。

4.2 Step 2 寻找CBPeripheral外设

有了CBCentralManager,接下来就是寻找CBPeripheral外设,方法很简单:

[self.centralManager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:@[] options:nil];

这里的Service就是对应的UUID,如果为空,这scan所有service。

4.3 Step 3 连接CBPeripheral

在上一步中,如果找到了设备,则CBCentralManager的delegate会调用下面的方法:

- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
    NSLog(@"name:%@",peripheral);
    if (!peripheral || !peripheral.name || ([peripheral.name isEqualToString:@""])) {
        return;
    }

    if (!self.peripheral || (self.peripheral.state == CBPeripheralStateDisconnected)) {
        self.peripheral = peripheral;
        self.peripheral.delegate = self;
        NSLog(@"connect peripheral");
        [self.centralManager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
    }

}

我们在这里创建了一个CBPeripheral的对象,然后直接连接 
CBPeripheral的对象也需要设置delegate.

4.4 Step 4 寻找Service

如果Peripheral连接成功的话,就会调用delegate的方法:

- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    if (!peripheral) {
        return;
    }

    [self.centralManager stopScan];

    NSLog(@"peripheral did connect");
    [self.peripheral discoverServices:nil];


}

我们这里先停止Scan,然后让Peripheral外设寻找其Service。

4.5 Step 5 寻找Characteristic

找到Service后会调用下面的方法:

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error
{
    NSArray *services = nil;

    if (peripheral != self.peripheral) {
        NSLog(@"Wrong Peripheral.\n");
        return ;
    }

    if (error != nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error %@\n", error);
        return ;
    }

    services = [peripheral services];
    if (!services || ![services count]) {
        NSLog(@"No Services");
        return ;
    }

    for (CBService *service in services) {
        NSLog(@"service:%@",service.UUID);
        [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];

    }

}

我们根据找到的service寻找其对应的Characteristic。

4.6 Step 6 找到Characteristic后读取数据

找到Characteristic后会调用下面的delegate方法:

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"characteristics:%@",[service characteristics]);
    NSArray *characteristics = [service characteristics];

    if (peripheral != self.peripheral) {
        NSLog(@"Wrong Peripheral.\n");
        return ;
    }

    if (error != nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error %@\n", error);
        return ;
    }

    self.characteristic = [characteristics firstObject];
    //[self.peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:self.characteristic];
    [self.peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:self.characteristic];

这里我们可以使用readValueForCharacteristic:来读取数据。如果数据是不断更新的,则可以使用setNotifyValue:forCharacteristic:来实现只要有新数据,就获取。

4.7 Step 7 处理数据

读到数据后会调用delegate方法:

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
{
   NSData *data = characteristic.value;
   // Parse data ...

}

4.8 Step 8 向设备写数据

这个很简单,只要使用:

[self.peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:self.characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];

data是NSData类型。

5 实验

使用小米手环实验,得到如下结果:

2015-06-10 16:52:31.607 KetherDemo[13786:1792995] scaning device
2015-06-10 16:52:33.474 KetherDemo[13786:1793032] name:<CBPeripheral: 0x1700e4380, identifier = 6FF833E3-93C1-28C6-CBC0-74A706AAAE31, name = LS_SCA16, state = disconnected>
2015-06-10 16:52:33.475 KetherDemo[13786:1793032] connect peripheral
2015-06-10 16:52:37.538 KetherDemo[13786:1793031] peripheral did connect
2015-06-10 16:52:37.984 KetherDemo[13786:1793031] service:FEE7
2015-06-10 16:52:37.985 KetherDemo[13786:1793031] service:Device Information
2015-06-10 16:52:38.099 KetherDemo[13786:1793032] characteristics:(
    "<CBCharacteristic: 0x17409c250, UUID = FEC8, properties = 0x20, value = (null), notifying = NO>",
    "<CBCharacteristic: 0x17409c200, UUID = FEC7, properties = 0x8, value = (null), notifying = NO>"
)
2015-06-10 16:52:38.100 KetherDemo[13786:1793032] Kether did connect
2015-06-10 16:52:38.101 KetherDemo[13786:1793032] Kether did connect
2015-06-10 16:52:38.280 KetherDemo[13786:1793031] characteristics:(
    "<CBCharacteristic: 0x17009f270, UUID = Manufacturer Name String, properties = 0x2, value = (null), notifying = NO>",
    "<CBCharacteristic: 0x17009f2c0, UUID = Model Number String, properties = 0x2, value = (null), notifying = NO>",
    "<CBCharacteristic: 0x17009f310, UUID = Serial Number String, properties = 0x2, value = (null), notifying = NO>",
    "<CBCharacteristic: 0x17009eb90, UUID = Hardware Revision String, properties = 0x2, value = (null), notifying = NO>",
    "<CBCharacteristic: 0x17009f0e0, UUID = Firmware Revision String, properties = 0x2, value = (null), notifyi``

 = NO>",

6 小结

通过上面的方法,我们就可以轻松的对BLE进行开发。实际上比想象的要简单。