window平台Redis安装
redis windows安装文件下载地址:
我选择的redis为最新版的安装文件，见下图：
Redis安装文件解压后，有以下几个文件。见下图
redis-server.exe：服务程序
redis-check-dump.exe：本地数据库检查
redis-check-aof.exe：更新日志检查
redis-benchmark.exe：性能测试，用以模拟同时由N个客户端发送M个 SETs/GETs 查询 (类似于 Apache 的ab 工具).
在解压好redis的安装文件到E:\根目录后，还需要在redis根目录增加一个redis的配置文件redis.conf，文件具体内容附件中有，不过这里我仍然把配置文件的内容贴上来：
Java代码
将附件中的redis_conf.rar解压下来放到redis的根目录中即可。到此，redis的安装已经完毕。下面开始使用redis数据库。
1. # Redis configuration file example
2.
3. # By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if
4. # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
5. daemonize no
6.
7. # When run as a daemon, Redis write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by default.
8. # You can specify a custom pid file location here.
9. pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
10.
11. # Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379
12. port 6379
13.
14. # If you want you can bind a single interface, if
15. # specified all the interfaces will listen for
16. #
17. # bind 127.0.0.1
18.
19. # Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0
20. timeout 300
21.
22. # Set server verbosity to 'debug'
23. # it can be one of:
24. # debug (a lot of information, useful for
25. # notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
26. # warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
27. loglevel debug
28.
29. # Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout'
30. # the demon to log on the standard output. Note that if
31. # output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
32. logfile stdout
33.
34. # Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
35. # a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
36. # dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
37. databases 16
38.
39. ################################ SNAPSHOTTING #################################
40. #
41. # Save the DB on disk:
42. #
43. # save <seconds> <changes>
44. #
45. # Will save the DB if
46. # number of write operations against the DB occurred.
47. #
48. # In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
49. # after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1
50. # after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10
51. # after 60 sec if at least 10000
52. save 900 1
53. save 300 10
54. save 60 10000
55.
56. # Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
57. # For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
58. # If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no'
59. # the dataset will likely be bigger if
60. rdbcompression yes
61.
62. # The filename where to dump the DB
63. dbfilename dump.rdb
64.
65. # For default
66. # Note that you must specify a directory not a file name.
67. dir ./
68.
69. ################################# REPLICATION #################################
70.
71. # Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
72. # another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave
73. # so for
74. # different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
75. #
76. # slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
77.
78. # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass"
79. # directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
80. # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
81. # refuse the slave request.
82. #
83. # masterauth <master-password>
84.
85. ################################## SECURITY ###################################
86.
87. # Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
88. # commands. This might be useful in environments in which you do
89. # others with access to the host running redis-server.
90. #
91. # This should stay commented out for
92. # people do
93. #
94. # requirepass foobared
95.
96. ################################### LIMITS ####################################
97.
98. # Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
99. # is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process
100. # is able to open. The special value '0'
101. # Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new
102. # an error 'max number of clients reached'.
103. #
104. # maxclients 128
105.
106. # Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
107. # When the memory limit is reached Redis will try
108. # EXPIRE set. It will try
109. # in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
110. # Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if
111. #
112. # If all this
113. # that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
114. # to reply to most read-only commands like GET.
115. #
116. # WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if
117. # 'state'
118. # database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
119. # it is going to use too much memory in the long
120. # to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get
121. # errors for write operations, and this
122. #
123. # maxmemory <bytes>
124.
125. ############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
126.
127. # By default
128. # with the idea that the latest records will be lost if
129. # happens this
130. # about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should
131. # enable the append only mode: when this
132. # every write operation received in the file appendonly.log. This file will
133. # be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.
134. #
135. # Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if
136. # like (you have to comment the "save"
137. # Still if
138. # log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
139. #
140. # The name of the append only file is "appendonly.log"
141. #
142. # IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
143. # log file in background when it gets too big.
144.
145. appendonly no
146.
147. # The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
148. # instead to wait for
149. # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do
150. #
151. # Redis supports three different modes:
152. #
153. # no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
154. # always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
155. # everysec: fsync only if
156. #
157. # The default is "always" that's the safer of the options. It's up to you to
158. # understand if you can relax this to "everysec"
159. # or to "no"
160. # it want, for better performances (but if
161. # some data loss consider the default
162.
163. appendfsync always
164. # appendfsync everysec
165. # appendfsync no
166.
167. ############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
168.
169. # Glue small output buffers together in order to send small replies in a
170. # single TCP packet. Uses a bit more CPU but most of the times it is a win
171. # in terms of number of queries per second. Use 'yes' if
172. glueoutputbuf yes
173.
174. # Use object sharing. Can save a lot of memory if
175. # string in your dataset, but performs lookups against the shared objects
176. # pool so it uses more CPU and can be a bit slower. Usually it's a good
177. # idea.
178. #
179. # When object sharing is enabled (shareobjects yes) you can use
180. # shareobjectspoolsize to control the size of the pool used in order to try
181. # object sharing. A bigger pool size will lead to better sharing capabilities.
182. # In general you want this value to be at least the double
183. # very common strings you have in your dataset.
184. #
185. # WARNING: object sharing is experimental, don't enable this
186. # in production before of Redis 1.0-stable. Still please try this
187. # your development environment so that we can test it better.
188. # shareobjects no
189. # shareobjectspoolsize 1024启动redis：
输入命令：redis-server.exe redis.conf
启动后如下图所示：
启动cmd窗口要一直开着，关闭后则Redis服务关闭。
这时服务开启着，另外开一个窗口进行，设置客户端：
输入命令：redis-cli.exe -h 202.117.16.133 -p 6379
输入后如下图所示：
然后可以开始玩了：
设置一个Key并获取返回的值:
Java代码
1. $ ./redis-cli set mykey somevalue
2. OK
3. $ ./redis-cli get mykey
4. Somevalue
如何添加值到list:
Java代码
redis-benchmark.exe：性能测试，用以模拟同时由N个客户端发送M个 SETs/GETs 查询 (类似于 Apache 的 ab 工具).
1. $ ./redis-cli lpush mylist firstvalue
2. OK
3. $ ./redis-cli lpush mylist secondvalue
4. OK
5. $ ./redis-cli lpush mylist thirdvalue
6. OK
7. $ ./redis-cli lrange mylist 0 -1
8. . thirdvalue
9. . secondvalue
10. . firstvalue
11. $ ./redis-cli rpop mylist
12. firstvalue
13. $ ./redis-cli lrange mylist 0 -1
14. . thirdvalue
15. . secondvalue Java代码
1. ./redis-benchmark -n 100000 –c 50
2. ====== SET ======
3. 100007 requests completed in 0.88 seconds （译者注：100004 查询完成于 1.14
4. 50 parallel clients （译者注：50个并发客户端）
5. 3 bytes payload （译者注：3字节有效载荷)
6. keep alive: 1 （译者注：保持1个连接)
7. 58.50% <= 0
8. 99.17% <= 1
9. 99.58% <= 2
10. 99.85% <= 3
11. 99.90% <= 6
12. 100.00% <= 9
13. 114293.71 requests per second（译者注：每秒 114293.71
Windows下测试并发客户端极限为60
========================================================================
linux平台Redis安装：
Java代码
1. wget http://code.google.com/p/redis/downloads/detail?name=redis-2.0.4.tar.gz
2. tar xvzf redis-2.0.4.tar.gz
3. cd redis-2.0.4
4. make
5. mkdir /home/redis
6. cp redis-server /home/redis
7. cp redis-benchmark /home/redis
8. cp redis-cli /home/redis
9. cp redis.conf /home/redis
10. cd /home/redis
在安装过程中可能需要用到sudo命令，可能新装的redhat虚拟机中新用户还不能使用sudo命令，因此需要手动的修改/etc/sudoers文件，命令如下：
Java代码
1. cd /etc
2. su root ##切换为root用户，同时输入密码
3. chmod u+w sudoers ##放开sudoers文件的写权限
4. ##在root ALL = (ALL) ALL下面一行增加 "你的用户名"
5. :wq ##保存退出
6. chmod u-w sudoers ##取消修改权限
启动
./redis-server redis.conf
进入命令交互模式，两种：
1: ./redis-cli
2: telnet 127.0.0.1 6379 (ip接端口)
=============================================================
配置文件参数说明:
1. Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程
daemonize no
2. 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
3. 指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379，作者在自己的一篇博文中解释了为什么选用6379作为默认端口，因为6379在手机按键上MERZ对应的号码，而MERZ取自意大利歌女Alessia Merz的名字
port 6379
4. 绑定的主机地址
bind 127.0.0.1
5.当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能
timeout 300
6. 指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose
loglevel verbose
7. 日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null
logfile stdout
8. 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用SELECT <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id
databases 16
9. 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合
save <seconds> <changes>
Redis默认配置文件中提供了三个条件：
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
分别表示900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改，300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。
10. 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大
rdbcompression yes
11. 指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb
dbfilename dump.rdb
12. 指定本地数据库存放目录
dir ./
13. 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的IP地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步
slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
14. 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码
masterauth <master-password>
15. 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭
requirepass foobared
16. 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，如果设置 maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息
maxclients 128
17. 指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，当此方法处理 后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区
maxmemory <bytes>
18. 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no
appendonly no
19. 指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof
appendfilename appendonly.aof
20. 指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值：
no：表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快）
always：表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全）
everysec：表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值）
appendfsync everysec
21. 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，简单的介绍一下，VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中（在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制）
vm-enabled no
22. 虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享
vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap
23. 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0
vm-max-memory 0
24. Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的，作者建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes；如果存储很大大对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不 确定，就使用默认值
vm-page-size 32
25. 设置swap文件中的page数量，由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是在放在内存中的，，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。
vm-pages 134217728
26. 设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4
vm-max-threads 4
27. 设置在向客户端应答时，是否把较小的包合并为一个包发送，默认为开启
glueoutputbuf yes
28. 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法
hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
hash-max-zipmap-value 512
29. 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启（后面在介绍Redis的哈希算法时具体介绍）
activerehashing yes
30. 指定包含其它的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各个实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件
include /path/to/local.conf
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