总结:
1、数据库操作:
创建库:
create database db_name;
查询库:
show databases; //显示所有的数据库
show create databases db_name; //显示特定的数据库
删除库 :
drop database db_name;
修改库 :
alter database db_name [modify command];
alter database db_name character set gbk;
2、表操作:
创建表 :
use db_name;
create table tbl_name (column_structure) [tbl_option];
如:
create table tbl_name(
)
variable_name2 int
);
create table db_name.tbl_name
(
variable_name1 varchar(10)
variable_name2 int
);
查询表
:
查看有哪些表
:
show tables;
或show tables like 'pattern_%';
查看表的创建信息
:
show create table tbl_name;
或show create table tbl_name \G
查看表的结构
:
describe tbl_name;
或desc tbl_name;]
删除表:
drop table [if exists] tbl_name;
修改表 :
修改表名:
单个:rename table old_tbl_name to new_tbl_name;
多个:rename table old_tbl_name1 to new_tbl_name1, old_tbl_name2 to new_tbl_name2;
跨数据库:rename table old_tbl_name to db_name.new_tbl_name;
修改列定义:
增加新列定义:add
alter table tbl_name add new_column_name data_type;
如alter table exam_student add height int;
修改列的定义(新的属性或者数据类型):modify
alter table tbl_name modify column_name new_data_type;
删除一个列:drop
alter table tbl_name drop column_name;
重命名一个列: change
alter table tbl_name change old_column_name new_column_name new_data_type;
修改表选项:
alter table tbl_name new_tbl_option;
alter table tbl_name character set utf8;
3、数据操作:
创建数据
:
insert into tbl_name (fields_list) values (values_list);
如:insert into exam_student (stu_name, stu_no) values ('xiaoming', 'php030_01');
若插入所有字段值
:
insert into exam_student values ('xiaoming', 'php030_01', 98);
查询数据 :
查看字段信息
:
select * from tbl_name;
参看具体字段列表信息
:
select fields_list from tbl_name where condition;
如:默认状态下select stu_name, stu_no from exam_student;
select stu_name, stu_no from exam_student where 1;
有条件查询:
select * from tbl_name where condition;
如select * from exam_student where fenshu >= 60;
删除数据:
delete from tbl_name condition;
如delete from exam_student where fenshu <= 50;
修改数据:
update tbl_name set field = new_value where condition;
如:update exam_student set fenshu =100 where fenshu >= 97;
4、主键:primary
如:法一:
create table teacher(
t_id int primary key [auto_increment],
t_name varchar(5),
class_name varchar(6),
t_days tinyint unsigned
);
法二:
create table teacher(
t_id int,
t_name varchar(5),
class_name varchar(6),
t_day tinyint unsigned,
primary key (t_id)
);
insert into teacher values (1, '王老师', '0225', 23);
在已创建表中添加主键操作:
alter table tbl_name add primary key (field) ;
alter table tbl_name modify colunm_name data_type not null primary key auto_increment;
自动增长:auto_increment
alter table tbl_name auto_increment initial_value;
5、外键:foreign key
如:
主表:
create table itcast_class(
class_id int primary key auto_increment,
class_name varchar(10) not null default 'itcast_php' comment '班级名称'
) character set utf8;
create table itcast_student(
stu_id int primary key auto_increment,
stu_name varchar(10) not null default '',
class_id int,
foreign key (class_id)
references
) character set utf8;
insert into itcast_class values (null, 'php0331');
insert into itcast_student values (null, '张三', 1);
删除操作:
alter table itcast_student drop foreign key itcast_student_ibfk_1;
alter table itcast_student add foreign key (class_id) references itcast_class (class_id)
on delete set null;/*主表里删除某个字段,从表若对应外键则变成null*/
或者
on delete cascade;/*主表删除一个字段,从表对应的外键则会删除相应的值*/
又或者
on update restrict;/*不允许主表进行更新操作*/
delete from itcast_class where class_id = 1;
select max(field) from tbl_name;
7、连接
内连接:
select tbl1_name.field, tbl2_name.field1, tbl2_name.field2... from tbl1_name inner join tbl2_name on tbl1_name.id = tbl2_name.id where condition;
外连接:
select tbl1_name.fields, tbl2_name.fields from tbl1_name left outer join tbl2_name on tbl1_name.id = tbl2_name.id;
8、更改数据库密码方法:
进入mysql中后,在命令行中mysql>
输入:
set password for
root@localhost = password('123456'
);