SpringBoot是SpringCloud的基础,所以学习SpringCloud之前需要对SpringBoot有一定的了解。
父工程(springcloud)
打开IDEA,创建一个maven项目springcloud,这个是接下来所有子项目的父工程。
pom.xml(springcloud)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>springcloud-api</module>
<module>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</module>
<module>springcloud-consumer-dept-80</module>
</modules>
<!-- 打包方式 pom -->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.10</lombok.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- springcloud的依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--springboot-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--数据库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!--springboot启动器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--log4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
一般来说,父工程仅作项目版本管理用,微服务中所拆分的各个服务会放到下面的子工程中,所以到此为止,父工程springcloud已经写好。
应用接口总工程(springcloud-api)
在父工程springcloud上右击鼠标,创建Module
新创建的Module同样也是一个maven工程,取名为springcloud-api。
这个子工程仅用来提供基本的pojo类,后续的两个服务会以它为基础
pom.xml(springcloud-api)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.cloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<!--当前的Model自己需要的依赖,如果父类依赖中已经配置了版本,这里就不用写了-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
今天的微服务以一个部门表作为示例,所以如项目结构图所示,创建一个Dept类:
package com.cloud.springcloud.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true) //链式写法
public class Dept implements Serializable { //Dept实体类 orm 类表关系映射
private Long deptno;
private String dname;
private String db_source;
public Dept(String dname){
this.dname = dname;
}
/*
* 链式写法:
* Dept dept = new Dept();
* dept.set().set().set();
* */
}
至此,springcloud-api已完成。这个工程仅仅只是为了提供pojo。
我是一条分割线 ================================================================
下面是真正的服务:
服务提供者工程(springcloud-provider-dept-8001)
用前面同样的方式创建Module,工程结构如图:
从项目结构可以看出,这当然是一个springboot项目。
springboot项目一般都使用application.yml配置文件进行总配置
application.yml
server:
port: 8001
#mybatis配置
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.cloud.springcloud.pojo
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
#spring配置
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-provider-dept
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://**********:3306/*****?characterEncoding=UTF-8&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username: ******
password: ******
pom.xml(springcloud-provider-dept-8001)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.cloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--我们需要拿到实体类,所以要配置api model-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--jetty-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--热部署-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
导入所需的包之后,我们需要开始搭建这个服务提供服务。
============================================================================
数据库连接部分:
DeptDao.java
package com.cloud.springcloud.dao;
import com.cloud.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface DeptDao {
public boolean addDept(Dept dept);
public Dept queryById(Long id);
public List<Dept> queryAll();
}
这个DeptDao接口和下面的DeptMapper.xml相对应。(数据库自己创建!)
DeptMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.cloud.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">
<insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
insert into dept (dname, db_source)
values (#{dname},DATABASE());
</insert>
<select id="queryById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
select * from dept where deptno = #{deptno};
</select>
<select id="queryAll" resultType="Dept">
select * from dept;
</select>
</mapper>
除此之外,我们还需要通过mybatis-config.xml配置文件开启二级缓存。
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--开启二级缓存-->
<settings>
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
数据库连接部分结束
========================================================================
服务部分开始
DeptService.java
package com.cloud.springcloud.service;
import com.cloud.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import java.util.List;
public interface DeptService {
public boolean addDept(Dept dept);
public Dept queryById(Long id);
public List<Dept> queryAll();
}
DeptServiceImpl.java
package com.cloud.springcloud.service;
import com.cloud.springcloud.dao.DeptDao;
import com.cloud.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService {
@Autowired
private DeptDao deptDao;
@Override
public boolean addDept(Dept dept) {
return deptDao.addDept(dept);
}
@Override
public Dept queryById(Long id) {
return deptDao.queryById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Dept> queryAll() {
return deptDao.queryAll();
}
}
服务部分结束
============================================================================
控制器部分
DeptController.java
package com.cloud.springcloud.controller;
import com.cloud.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import com.cloud.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
/*
* 提供Restful服务
* */
@RestController
public class DeptController {
@Autowired
private DeptService deptService;
@GetMapping("/dept/add")
public boolean addDept(Dept dept){
return deptService.addDept(dept);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return deptService.queryById(id);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/list")
public List<Dept> queryAll(){
return deptService.queryAll();
}
}
============================================================================
服务启动类
DeptProvider_8001.java
package com.cloud.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/*
* 启动类
* */
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider_8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider_8001.class,args);
}
}
至此,服务提供者已经完成,运行DeptProvider_8001中的main方法来启动服务器,启动之后可以通过http://localhost:8001/dept/list等url在浏览器上测试服务能否正常运作。
服务消费者工程(springcloud-consumer-dept-80)
这同样也是一个springboot项目,总配置在application.yml中编写。
application.yml
server:
port: 80
#没错真的只有两句
============================================================================
远程访问服务
访问远程http服务可以使用RestTemplate,它同时也是简单的RestFul服务模板。
RestTemplate使用时可以先把它添加到spring容器中,之后的调用就十分简便了。
ConfigBean.java
package com.cloud.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
RestTemplate提供了大量http服务访问模板,下面试着用一下。
DeptConsumerController.java
package com.cloud.springcloud.controller;
import com.cloud.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {
//理解:消费者不应该有service层
//RestTemplate。。。。供我们直接调用就可以了! 注册到spring中
//(url,实体:Map,Class<T> responseType)
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate; //提供多种便捷访问远程http服务的方法,简单的RestFul服务模板。
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
@RequestMapping("/comsumer/dept/add")
public boolean add(Dept dept){
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/comsumer/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get"+id,Dept.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/comsumer/dept/list")
public List<Dept> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
}
}
============================================================================
启动消费者服务
DeptConsumer_80.java
package com.cloud.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer_80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer_80.class,args);
}
}
在启动了前面的提供者服务之后,启动此消费者服务,访问http://localhost/comsumer/dept/list链接测试消费者服务是否运行正常。
结束