vlan 路由建立在三层交换机还是防火墙

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漫步云端的猪 2024-10-30 09:11:31

掌握交换机Tag VLAN 的配置；
掌握三层交换机基本配置方法；
掌握三层交换机VLAN路由的配置方法；
通过三层交换机实现VLAN间相互通信；

二、实验背景

某企业有两个主要部门，技术部和销售部，分处于不同的办公室，为了安全和便于管理，对两个部门的主机进行了VLAN的划分，技术部和销售部分处于不同的VLAN。现由于业务的需求，需要销售部和技术部的主机能够相互访问，获得相应的资源，两个部门的交换机通过一台三层交换机进行了连接。

三、技术原理

三层交换机具备网络层的功能，实现VLAN间相互访问的原理是：利用三层交换机的路由功能，通过识别数据包的IP地址，查找路由表进行选路转发。三层交换机利用直连路由可以实现不同VLAN之间的互相访问。三层交换机给接口配置IP地址，采用SVI(交换虚拟接口)的方式实现VLAN间互连。SVI是指为交换机中的VLAN创建虚拟接口，并且配置IP地址。

四、实验步骤

实验拓扑

1、在二层交换机上配置VLAN 2、VLAN 3，分别将端口2、端口3划到VLAN 2、VLAN 3；

2、将二层交换机与三层交换机相连的端口Fa0/1定义为Tag VLAN模式；

Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#vlan 2
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 3
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#interface fa0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface fa0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface fa0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#

3、在三层交换机上配置VLAN 2、VLAN 3，分别将端口2、端口3划到VLAN 2、VLAN 3；

Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#vlan 2
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 3
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#interface fa0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface fa0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#

4、设置三层交换机VLAN间通信，创建VLAN 2、VLAN 3的虚拟接口，并配置虚拟接口VLAN 2、VLAN 3的IP地址；

Switch(config)#interface vlan 2                                   //创建 VLAN 2 的虚拟接口
Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan2, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan2, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0            //配置虚拟接口 VLAN 2 的IP地址
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown 
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#interface vlan 3                                   //创建 VLAN 2 的虚拟接口
Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan3, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan3, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0            //配置虚拟接口 VLAN 2 的IP地址
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown 
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#ip routing   ！开启三层交换机路由功能
Switch(config)#end
Switch#

5、查看三层交换机路由表

Switch#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan2
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan3
Switch#

6、将VLAN 2、VLAN 3下的主机默认网关分别设置为相应虚拟接口的IP地址；

五、验证

打开PC1 Command Prompt

Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig

IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1

PC>ping 192.168.1.3

Pinging 192.168.1.3 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=187ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=93ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=110ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=93ms TTL=128

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.3:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 93ms, Maximum = 187ms, Average = 120ms

PC>ping 192.168.2.2

Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=188ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=112ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 112ms, Maximum = 188ms, Average = 141ms

PC>ping 192.168.2.3

Pinging 192.168.2.3 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.3: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.3: bytes=32 time=78ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.3: bytes=32 time=64ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.3:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 64ms, Maximum = 125ms, Average = 89ms

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/poseidon2011/1869754

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