Android自带的搜索方法 android实现搜索功能

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字节墨海星 2023-07-08 23:24:20

文章标签 Android自带的搜索方法 Android 搜索历史记录模糊查询 android 文章分类 Android 移动开发

本文主要为大家分享了Android实现搜索功能，并且可以实时显示搜索的历史记录，根据输入的内容去模糊查询，供大家参考，界面图如下。

Android自带的搜索方法 android实现搜索功能_Android

本案例实现起来也非常的简单，所以可以直接拿来嵌入项目中使用，主要涉及到的知识点：

1、数据库的增删改查操作

2、监听软键盘回车按钮设置为搜索按钮

3、使用TextWatcher( )进行实时筛选

4、已搜索的关键字再次搜索不会重复添加到数据库

既然是要保存搜索记录，首先得建立数据库表：

/**
 * 搜索记录帮助类
 * Created by 05 on 2016/7/27.
 */
public class RecordSQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    private final static String DB_NAME = "temp.db";
    private final static int DB_VERSION = 1;

    public RecordSQLiteOpenHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        String sqlStr = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS records (_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name TEXT);";
        db.execSQL(sqlStr);
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

    }
}

数据库操作类，增删改查都在里面：

/**
 * 搜索记录操作类
 * Created by 05 on 2016/7/27.
 */
public class RecordsDao {
    RecordSQLiteOpenHelper recordHelper;

    SQLiteDatabase recordsDb;

    public RecordsDao(Context context) {
        recordHelper = new RecordSQLiteOpenHelper(context);
    }

    //添加搜索记录
    public void addRecords(String record) {

        if (!isHasRecord(record)) {
            recordsDb = recordHelper.getReadableDatabase();
            ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
            values.put("name", record);
            //添加
            recordsDb.insert("records", null, values);
            //关闭
            recordsDb.close();
        }
    }

    //判断是否含有该搜索记录
    public boolean isHasRecord(String record) {
        boolean isHasRecord = false;
        recordsDb = recordHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = recordsDb.query("records", null, null, null, null, null, null);
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            if (record.equals(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("name")))) {
                isHasRecord = true;
            }
        }
        //关闭数据库
        recordsDb.close();
	cursor.close();
        return isHasRecord;
    }

    //获取全部搜索记录
    public List<String> getRecordsList() {
        List<String> recordsList = new ArrayList<>();
        recordsDb = recordHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = recordsDb.query("records", null, null, null, null, null, null);
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("name"));
            recordsList.add(name);
        }
        //关闭数据库
        recordsDb.close();
	cursor.close();
        return recordsList;
    }

    //模糊查询
    public List<String> querySimlarRecord(String record){
        String queryStr = "select * from records where name like '%" + record + "%' order by name ";
        List<String> similarRecords = new ArrayList<>();
        Cursor cursor= recordHelper.getReadableDatabase().rawQuery(queryStr,null);

        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("name"));
            similarRecords.add(name);
        }

	cursor.close();
        return similarRecords;
    }

    //清空搜索记录
    public void deleteAllRecords() {
        recordsDb = recordHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        recordsDb.execSQL("delete from records");

        recordsDb.close();
    }

}

数据库类已经封装好了，接下来就是界面代码：

<span ><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:background="@color/base_green"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_margin="10dp"
            android:background="@drawable/input_border_layout"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">

            <ImageView
                android:padding="5dp"
                android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
                android:layout_width="30dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:src="@mipmap/my_village_search"/>

            <EditText
                android:id="@+id/input_search_content_et"
                android:layout_margin="5dp"
                android:textSize="14sp"
                android:singleLine="true"
                android:imeOptions="actionSearch"
                android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
                android:background="@drawable/input_no_border_layout"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:hint="请输入你要搜索的内容"/></span>
<!-- 以上的singleLine和imeOptions属性代码是将弹出的软键盘的回车键替换成搜索键的关键，当然也可以换成发送键 等等，可以去查一下该属性 --></span>
        </LinearLayout>

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/search_content_cancel_tv"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:textSize="18sp"
            android:text="取消"
            android:textColor="@color/white"/>

    </LinearLayout>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <LinearLayout
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:id="@+id/search_content_show_ll"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        </LinearLayout>

    </RelativeLayout>

</LinearLayout></span>

因为是将搜索的历史信息做成显示隐藏的效果，所以单独写了一个历史信息的layout:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <ListView
            android:id="@+id/search_records_lv"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

        <View
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0.1dp"
            android:background="@color/custom_gray"/>

        <TextView
            android:background="@color/white"
            android:id="@+id/clear_all_records_tv"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:textSize="16sp"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textColor="@color/clear_red"
            android:text="清除历史记录"/>

        <View
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0.1dp"
            android:background="@color/custom_gray"/>

    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

既然用到了listview来显示历史搜索信息，就需要写listview的item：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:background="@color/white"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/search_content_tv"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:drawableLeft="@mipmap/search_icon"
            android:drawablePadding="8dp"
            android:layout_margin="10dp"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        />

    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

用到了listview，当然还需要适配器，因为目前只有文本可以使用SimpleAdapter，为了以后能添加别的，我还是自定义了一个Adapter：

/**
 * Created by 05 on 2016/7/27.
 */
public class SearchRecordsAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

    private Context context;
    private List<String> searchRecordsList;
    private LayoutInflater inflater;

    public SearchRecordsAdapter(Context context, List<String> searchRecordsList) {
        this.context = context;
        this.searchRecordsList = searchRecordsList;
        inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return searchRecordsList.size() == 0 ? 0 : searchRecordsList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return searchRecordsList.size() == 0 ? null : searchRecordsList.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if(null == convertView){
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.saerch_records_list_item,null);
            viewHolder.recordTv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.search_content_tv);

            convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
        }else{
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }

        String content = searchRecordsList.get(position);
        viewHolder.recordTv.setText(content);

        return convertView;
    }

    private class ViewHolder {
        TextView recordTv;
    }
}

最后就是界面代码了：

/**
 * 搜索界面
 * Created by 05 on 2016/7/26.
 */
public class SearchContentActivity extends BaseActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private EditText searchContentEt;
    private SearchRecordsAdapter recordsAdapter;
    private View recordsHistoryView;
    private ListView recordsListLv;
    private TextView clearAllRecordsTv;
    private LinearLayout searchRecordsLl;

    private List<String> searchRecordsList;
    private List<String> tempList;
    private RecordsDao recordsDao;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        BaseSetContentView(R.layout.activity_search_content);

        initView();
        initData();
        bindAdapter();
        initListener();
    }

    private void initView() {
        setHideHeader();
        initRecordsView();

        searchRecordsLl = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.search_content_show_ll);
        searchContentEt = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.input_search_content_et);

        //添加搜索view
        searchRecordsLl.addView(recordsHistoryView);

    }

    //初始化搜索历史记录View
    private void initRecordsView() {
        recordsHistoryView = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.search_records_list_layout, null);
        //显示历史记录lv
        recordsListLv = (ListView) recordsHistoryView.findViewById(R.id.search_records_lv);
        //清除搜索历史记录
        clearAllRecordsTv = (TextView) recordsHistoryView.findViewById(R.id.clear_all_records_tv);
    }


    private void initData() {
        recordsDao = new RecordsDao(this);
        searchRecordsList = new ArrayList<>();
        tempList = new ArrayList<>();
        tempList.addAll(recordsDao.getRecordsList());

        reversedList();
        //第一次进入判断数据库中是否有历史记录，没有则不显示
        checkRecordsSize();
    }


    private void bindAdapter() {
        recordsAdapter = new SearchRecordsAdapter(this, searchRecordsList);
        recordsListLv.setAdapter(recordsAdapter);
    }

    private void initListener() {
        clearAllRecordsTv.setOnClickListener(this);
        searchContentEt.setOnEditorActionListener(new TextView.OnEditorActionListener() {

            @Override
            public boolean onEditorAction(TextView v, int actionId, KeyEvent event) {
                if (actionId == EditorInfo.IME_ACTION_SEARCH) {
                    if (searchContentEt.getText().toString().length() > 0) {

                        String record = searchContentEt.getText().toString();

                        //判断数据库中是否存在该记录
                        if (!recordsDao.isHasRecord(record)) {
                            tempList.add(record);
                        }
                        //将搜索记录保存至数据库中
                        recordsDao.addRecords(record);
                        reversedList();
                        checkRecordsSize();
                        recordsAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

                        //根据关键词去搜索
                        
                    } else {
                        ToastUtils.showToast(SearchContentActivity.this, "搜索内容不能为空");
                    }
                }
                return false;
            }
        });

        //根据输入的信息去模糊搜索
        searchContentEt.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {
            @Override
            public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {

            }

            @Override
            public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
                String tempName = searchContentEt.getText().toString();
                tempList.clear();
                tempList.addAll(recordsDao.querySimlarRecord(tempName));
                reversedList();
                checkRecordsSize();
                recordsAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        });

        //历史记录点击事件
        recordsListLv.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                //将获取到的字符串传到搜索结果界面

            }
        });
    }

    //当没有匹配的搜索数据的时候不显示历史记录栏
    private void checkRecordsSize(){
        if(searchRecordsList.size() == 0){
            searchRecordsLl.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        }else{
            searchRecordsLl.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            //清空所有历史数据
            case R.id.clear_all_records_tv:
                tempList.clear();
                reversedList();
                recordsDao.deleteAllRecords();
                recordsAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                searchRecordsLl.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                break;
        }
    }

    //颠倒list顺序，用户输入的信息会从上依次往下显示
    private void reversedList(){
        searchRecordsList.clear();
        for(int i = tempList.size() - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i --){
            searchRecordsList.add(tempList.get(i));
        }
    }
}

以上就是实现搜索记录存储，搜索信息模糊查询的全部代码了，供大家参考，当然也给自己提供一个整理思路的锻炼。O(∩_∩)O~

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