一般来说都用eclipse自动化图形工具搞定,我用的是ubuntu,所以需要自己打包引入。
什么是包?
这是对java源代码的组织和管理的一种方式,比如:当操作系统某个目录的文件非常多的时候,我们一般建立子目录分类管理,java中的包跟文件目录的作用类似。
1,声明一个包,用package,放在文件的第一行,如:
package com.ghostwu.HelloWorld;
public class HelloWorld{
public static void main( String[] args ){
System.out.println( "hello world" );
}
}
当,源代码中声明了一个包的时候,在编译的时候,需要这样做:【javac -d . HelloWorld.java】, -d: 后面指定编译生成的class文件存放的目录,
这里面的点(.)指的是当前目录。
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls
com ghostwu.jar HelloWorld.java Student.java Test2.java Test.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ rm -rf com ghostwu.jar
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls
HelloWorld.java Student.java Test2.java Test.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ javac -d . HelloWorld.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls
com HelloWorld.java Student.java Test2.java Test.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ tree com
com
└── ghostwu
└── HelloWorld
└── HelloWorld.class
2 directories, 1 file
我们也可以换个路径,如:我把它编译到~/tmp目录下
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls ~/tmp
allpy.tar.gz
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ javac -d ~/tmp HelloWorld.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls ~/tmp
allpy.tar.gz com
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ tree ~/tmp/com
/home/ghostwu/tmp/com
└── ghostwu
└── HelloWorld
└── HelloWorld.class
2 directories, 1 file
2,接下来,我们定义两个类,来使用包
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ cat Student.java
package com.ghostwu.Student;
public class Student {
public void say(){
System.out.println( "my name is ghostwu" );
}
}
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ cat Test.java
package com.ghostwu.Test;
public class Test {
public static void main( String[] args ){
com.ghostwu.Student.Student stu = new com.ghostwu.Student.Student();
stu.say();
}
}
在Test类中,如果需要使用Student类,需要使用 包名.类名( com.ghostwu.Student.Student )
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ tree com
com
└── ghostwu
└── HelloWorld
└── HelloWorld.class
2 directories, 1 file
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls
com HelloWorld.java Student.java Test2.java Test.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ javac -d . Student.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ javac Test.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ java Test
Error: Could not find or load main class Test
在上面,编译使用的过程中,我们发现,直接执行java test报了一个错误。这是因为我们Test也有声明包( com.ghostwu.Test ),所以,我们应该这样执行:
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ tree com
com
└── ghostwu
├── HelloWorld
│ └── HelloWorld.class
└── Student
└── Student.class
3 directories, 2 files
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ javac -d . Test.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ java Test
Error: Could not find or load main class Test
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ java com.ghostwu.Test.Test
my name is ghostwu
执行格式:【java 包名+类名】
3,你可能已经发现了,这种方式非常麻烦,在使用包,每次实例化都要new xxx(包名) = xxx(包名) .... ,我们可以通过import关键字,引入包,就不需要每次加上包前缀了。
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ cat Test2.java
package com.ghostwu.Test2;
import com.ghostwu.Student.Student;
public class Test2 {
public static void main( String[] args ){
Student stu = new Student();
stu.say();
}
}
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ tree com
com
└── ghostwu
├── HelloWorld
│ └── HelloWorld.class
├── Student
│ └── Student.class
└── Test
└── Test.class
4 directories, 3 files
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ javac -d . Test2.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ java Test2
Error: Could not find or load main class Test2
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ java com.ghostwu.Test2.Test2
my name is ghostwu
4,把所有的class打包成一个jar文件,称之为jar包,比如,我们把当前目录下的所有class文件,打成一个jar包,可以给别人使用了
【jar cvf ghostwu.jar com】 把com目录下的所有文件 打包成一个jar文件, c:创建jar文件 v:生产详细信息 f:指定jar包的名称
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ tree com
com
└── ghostwu
├── HelloWorld
│ └── HelloWorld.class
├── Student
│ └── Student.class
├── Test
│ └── Test.class
└── Test2
└── Test2.class
5 directories, 4 files
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls
com HelloWorld.java Student.java Test2.java Test.class Test.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ jar cvf ghostwu.jar com
added manifest
adding: com/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: com/ghostwu/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: com/ghostwu/HelloWorld/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: com/ghostwu/HelloWorld/HelloWorld.class(in = 448) (out= 302)(deflated 32%)
adding: com/ghostwu/Test2/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: com/ghostwu/Test2/Test2.class(in = 347) (out= 254)(deflated 26%)
adding: com/ghostwu/Student/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: com/ghostwu/Student/Student.class(in = 420) (out= 293)(deflated 30%)
adding: com/ghostwu/Test/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: com/ghostwu/Test/Test.class(in = 344) (out= 255)(deflated 25%)
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls
com HelloWorld.java Test2.java Test.java
ghostwu.jar Student.java Test.class
5,执行jar包的时候,发现报错了
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ java -jar ghostwu.jar
no main manifest attribute, in ghostwu.jar
我们需要在ghostwu.jar包中,配置一个入口类
再次执行,就可以了
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ java -jar ghostwu.jar
my name is ghostwu
6,解压jar包【jar -xvf ghostwu.jar 】
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls
com HelloWorld.java Test2.java Test.java
ghostwu.jar Student.java Test.class
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ rm -rf com
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls
ghostwu.jar HelloWorld.java Student.java Test2.java Test.class Test.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ jar -xvf ghostwu.jar
created: META-INF/
inflated: META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
created: com/
created: com/ghostwu/
created: com/ghostwu/HelloWorld/
inflated: com/ghostwu/HelloWorld/HelloWorld.class
created: com/ghostwu/Test2/
inflated: com/ghostwu/Test2/Test2.class
created: com/ghostwu/Student/
inflated: com/ghostwu/Student/Student.class
created: com/ghostwu/Test/
inflated: com/ghostwu/Test/Test.class
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ ls
com HelloWorld.java Student.java Test.class
ghostwu.jar META-INF Test2.java Test.java
ghostwu@dev:~/java/data_struct/package$ tree com
com
└── ghostwu
├── HelloWorld
│ └── HelloWorld.class
├── Student
│ └── Student.class
├── Test
│ └── Test.class
└── Test2
└── Test2.class
5 directories, 4 files