文章目录

  • 数据库连接池
  • C3P0:数据库连接池技术
  • Druid:数据库连接池实现技术,由阿里巴巴提供的
  • Spring JDBC


数据库连接池

  1. 概念:其实就是一个容器(集合),存放数据库连接的容器。
    当系统初始化好后,容器被创建,容器中会申请一些连接对象,当用户来访问数据库时,从容器中获取连接对象,用户访问完之后,会将连接对象归还给容器。
  2. 好处:
  1. 节约资源
  2. 用户访问高效
  1. 实现:
  1. 标准接口:DataSource javax.sql包下的
  1. 方法:
  • 获取连接:getConnection()
  • 归还连接:Connection.close()。如果连接对象Connection是从连接池中获取的,那么调用Connection.close()方法,则不会再关闭连接了。而是归还连接
  1. 一般我们不去实现它,有数据库厂商来实现
  1. C3P0:数据库连接池技术
  2. Druid:数据库连接池实现技术,由阿里巴巴提供的

C3P0:数据库连接池技术

  • 步骤:
    1. 导入jar包 (两个) c3p0-0.9.5.2.jar mchange-commons-java-0.2.12.jar
    * 网盘链接 提取码:gbjj
    * 不要忘记导入数据库驱动jar包
    3. 定义配置文件:
    * 名称: c3p0.properties 或者 c3p0-config.xml
    * 路径:直接将文件放在src目录下即可。
    4. 创建核心对象 数据库连接池对象 ComboPooledDataSource
    5. 获取连接: getConnection
  • 代码:

c3p0-config.xml

<c3p0-config>
  <!-- 使用默认的配置读取连接池对象 -->
  <default-config>
  	<!--  连接参数 -->
    <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db4</property>
    <property name="user">root</property>
    <property name="password">root</property>
    
    <!-- 连接池参数 -->
    <property name="initialPoolSize">5</property>
    <property name="maxPoolSize">10</property>
    <property name="checkoutTimeout">3000</property>
  </default-config>

  <named-config name="otherc3p0"> 
    <!--  连接参数 -->
    <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1</property>
    <property name="user">root</property>
    <property name="password">root</property>
    
    <!-- 连接池参数 -->
    <property name="initialPoolSize">5</property>
    <property name="maxPoolSize">8</property>
    <property name="checkoutTimeout">1000</property>
  </named-config>
</c3p0-config>

java测试代码

package com.lj.c3p0;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class C3P0Demo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        //1.创建数据库连接对象,使用默认配置
        //DataSource ds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        //使用指定名称的配置
        DataSource ds = new ComboPooledDataSource("otherc3p0");
        //2.获取连接对象
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
            //3.打印
            System.out.println(conn);

            if(i==5)
                conn.close();
        }


    }
}

Druid:数据库连接池实现技术,由阿里巴巴提供的

  1. 步骤:
  1. 导入jar包 druid-1.0.9.jar
    网盘链接 提取码:bw7h
    CSDN资源
  2. 定义配置文件:
  • 是properties形式的
  • 可以叫任意名称,可以放在任意目录下
url=jdbc:mysql:///db4
username=root
password=root
driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
# 初始化连接数量
initialSize=10
# 最大连接数
maxActive=20
# 最大等待时间
maxWait=1000
filters=wall
  1. 加载配置文件。Properties
  2. 获取数据库连接池对象:通过工厂来来获取 DruidDataSourceFactory
  3. 获取连接:getConnection

代码一:

package com.lj.druid;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.Properties;

public class DruidDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.导入jar包
        //2.定义配置文件
        //3.加载配置文件
        Properties pro = new Properties();
        InputStream is = DruidDemo1.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
        pro.load(is);
        //4.获取连接池对象
        DataSource ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);

        //5.获取连接
        Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
        System.out.println(conn);

    }
}

代码二:

package com.lj.druid;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DruidDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //给account表添加一条记录
        //1.获取连接
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCutils.getConnection();
            //2.定义sql
            String sql= "insert into account values(null,?,?)";
            //3.获取pstmt对象
            pstmt= conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            //4.给?赋值
            pstmt.setString(1,"汪汪");
            pstmt.setDouble(2,4000);
            //5.执行sql
            int count = pstmt.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println(count);

        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            JDBCutils.close(pstmt,conn);
        }

    }
}
  1. 定义工具类
  1. 定义一个类 JDBCUtils
  2. 提供静态代码块加载配置文件,初始化连接池对象
  3. 提供方法
  1. 获取连接方法:通过数据库连接池获取连接
  2. 释放资源
  3. 获取连接池的方法

代码:

package com.lj.druid;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JDBCutils {
    //1.定义成员变量 DataSource
    private static DataSource ds;

    static {

        try {
            //1.加载配置文件
            Properties pro = new Properties();
            pro.load(DruidDemo1.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties"));
            //2.获取连接池对象 DataSource
            ds= DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }

    /**
     * 获取链接
     *
     * @return
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return ds.getConnection();
    }

    /**
     * 释放资源
     *
     * @param rs
     * @param stmt
     * @param conn
     */
    public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn) {
        if (rs != null) {
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (stmt != null) {
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();  //归还链接
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    public static void close(Statement stmt, Connection conn) {
        if (stmt != null) {
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();  //归还链接
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static DataSource getDataSource(){
        return ds;
    }


}

Spring JDBC

  • Spring框架对JDBC的简单封装。提供了一个JDBCTemplate对象简化JDBC的开发
  • 步骤:
  1. 导入jar包
  2. 创建JdbcTemplate对象。依赖于数据源DataSource
  • JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(ds);
  1. 调用JdbcTemplate的方法来完成CRUD的操作
  • update():执行DML语句。增、删、改语句
  • queryForMap():查询结果将结果集封装为map集合,将列名作为key,将值作为value 将这条记录封装为一个map集合
  • 注意:这个方法查询的结果集长度只能是1
  • queryForList():查询结果将结果集封装为list集合
  • 注意:将每一条记录封装为一个Map集合,再将Map集合装载到List集合中
  • query():查询结果,将结果封装为JavaBean对象
  • query的参数:RowMapper
  • 一般我们使用BeanPropertyRowMapper实现类。可以完成数据到JavaBean的自动封装
  • new BeanPropertyRowMapper<类型>(类型.class)
  • queryForObject:查询结果,将结果封装为对象
  • 一般用于聚合函数的查询
  1. 练习:
  • 需求:
  1. 修改1号数据的 salary 为 10000
  2. 添加一条记录
  3. 删除刚才添加的记录
  4. 查询id为1的记录,将其封装为Map集合
  5. 查询所有记录,将其封装为List
  6. 查询所有记录,将其封装为Emp对象的List集合
  7. 查询总记录数

表格:

spring得到所有的连接池bean spring jdbc 连接池_数据库


代码实现:

Emp类:

package domain;

import java.util.Date;

public class Emp {
    private int id;
    private String ename;
    private int job_id;
    private int mgr;
    private Date joindate;
    private double salary;
    private double bonus;
    private int dept_id;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getEname() {
        return ename;
    }

    public void setEname(String ename) {
        this.ename = ename;
    }

    public int getJob_id() {
        return job_id;
    }

    public void setJob_id(int job_id) {
        this.job_id = job_id;
    }

    public int getMgr() {
        return mgr;
    }

    public void setMgr(int mgr) {
        this.mgr = mgr;
    }

    public Date getJoindate() {
        return joindate;
    }

    public void setJoindate(Date joindate) {
        this.joindate = joindate;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }


    public int getDept_id() {
        return dept_id;
    }

    public void setDept_id(int dept_id) {
        this.dept_id = dept_id;
    }

    public double getBonus() {
        return bonus;
    }

    public void setBonus(double bonus) {
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Emp{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", ename='" + ename + '\'' +
                ", job_id=" + job_id +
                ", mgr=" + mgr +
                ", joindate=" + joindate +
                ", salary=" + salary +
                ", bonus=" + bonus +
                ", dept_id=" + dept_id +
                '}';
    }
}

JDBC工具类:JDBCutils.java

package domain;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JDBCutils {
    //1.定义成员变量 DataSource
    private static DataSource ds;

    static {

        try {
            //1.加载配置文件
            Properties pro = new Properties();
            pro.load(JDBCutils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties"));
            //2.获取连接池对象 DataSource
            ds= DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }

    /**
     * 获取链接
     *
     * @return
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return ds.getConnection();
    }

    /**
     * 释放资源
     *
     * @param rs
     * @param stmt
     * @param conn
     */
    public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn) {
        if (rs != null) {
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (stmt != null) {
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();  //归还链接
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    public static void close(Statement stmt, Connection conn) {
        if (stmt != null) {
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();  //归还链接
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static DataSource getDataSource(){
        return ds;
    }


}

主程序:

package domain;


import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class JdbcTemplateDemo2 {
    //Junit单元测试,可以让方法独立运行
    //1.获取JDBCTemplate对象
    private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCutils.getDataSource());

    /**
     * 1.修改1号数据的salary为10000
     */
    @Test
    public void test1(){
         //2.定义sql
        String sql = "update emp set salary = 10000 where id = 1001";
        //3.执行sql
        System.out.println(template.update(sql));
    }
    /**
     * 2.添加一条记录
     */
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        //2.定义sql
        String sql = "insert into emp(id,ename,dept_id) values(?,?,?) ";
        //3.执行sql
        System.out.println(template.update(sql,1015,"郭靖",10));

    }

    /**
     * 3.删除id=1013的人记录
     */
    @Test
    public void test3(){
        //2.定义sql
        String sql = "delete from emp where id =?";
        //3.执行sql
        System.out.println(template.update(sql,1013));

    }
    /**
     * 4.查询id为1001的记录,将其封装为Map集合
     *
     */
    @Test
    public void test4(){
        //2.定义sql
        String sql = "select * from emp where id = ?";
        //3.执行sql
        Map<String, Object> map = template.queryForMap(sql, 1001);
        //Map<String, Object> map = template.queryForMap(sql, 1001,1002);  //这样会出错,这个方法的查询长度只能是1
        System.out.println("test4:\n"+map+"\n-----------------------");
    }

    /**
     * 5.查询所有集合将其封装为List集合
     */
    @Test
    public void test5(){
        //2.定义sql
        String sql = "select * from emp";
        //3.执行sql
        List<Map<String, Object>> list = template.queryForList(sql);//将每一条记录封装为一个Map集合,再将Map集合装在到List集合中
        //Map<String, Object> map = template.queryForMap(sql, 1001,1002);  //这样会出错,这个方法的查询长度只能是1
        System.out.println("\ntest5:");
        for(Map<String, Object> stringObjectMap : list)
        {
            System.out.println(stringObjectMap);
        }


    }

    /**
     * 6.查询所有记录,将其封装为Emp对象的List集合
     */
    @Test
    public void test6_1(){
        String sql = "select * from emp";
        List<Emp> list = template.query(sql, new RowMapper<Emp>() {

            @Override
            public Emp mapRow(ResultSet rs, int i) throws SQLException {
                Emp emp = new Emp();
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String ename = rs.getString("ename");
                int job_id = rs.getInt("job_id");
                int mgr = rs.getInt("mgr");
                Date joindate = rs.getDate("joindate");
                double salary = rs.getDouble("salary");
                double bonus = rs.getDouble("bonus");
                int dept_id = rs.getInt("dept_id");

                emp.setId(id);
                emp.setEname(ename);
                emp.setJob_id(job_id);
                emp.setMgr(mgr);
                emp.setJoindate(joindate);
                emp.setSalary(salary);
                emp.setBonus(bonus);
                emp.setDept_id(dept_id);

                return emp;
            }
        });

        System.out.println("\ntest6_1:");
        for (Emp emp : list) {
            System.out.println(emp);
        }
    }
//    /**
//     * 6.查询所有记录,将其封装为Emp对象的List集合
//     * 这个方法会出错是因为Emp类中的成员变量需要把基本数据类型改成引用数据类型之后,效果就跟6_1的一样了。
//     */
//    @Test
//    public void test6_2(){
//        String sql = "select * from emp";
//        List<Emp> list = template.query(sql,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Emp>(Emp.class));
//        System.out.println("\ntest6_2:");
//        for (Emp emp : list) {
//            System.out.println(emp);
//        }
//
//    }
    /**
     * 7.查询总记录数
     */
    @Test
    public void test7(){
        String sql = "select count(id) from emp";
        Long total = template.queryForObject(sql, Long.class);
        System.out.println("\ntest7:");
        System.out.println(total);
    }

}

主程序中用到了Iunit单元测试(每一个方法上面有一个@Test),可以单独测试某一个方法。

执行结果:

"D:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.9\bin\java.exe" -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 "-javaagent:D:\program files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.1\lib\idea_rt.jar=60536:D:\program files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\program files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.1\lib\idea_rt.jar;D:\program files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.1\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;D:\program files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.1\plugins\junit\lib\junit-rt.jar;E:\IdeaProjects\day6\out\production\spring_jdbc;E:\IdeaProjects\day6\spring_jdbc\libs\commons-logging-1.2.jar;E:\IdeaProjects\day6\spring_jdbc\libs\spring-beans-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;E:\IdeaProjects\day6\spring_jdbc\libs\spring-core-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;E:\IdeaProjects\day6\spring_jdbc\libs\spring-jdbc-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;E:\IdeaProjects\day6\spring_jdbc\libs\spring-tx-5.0.0.RELEASE.jar;E:\IdeaProjects\day6\spring_jdbc\libs\c3p0-0.9.5.5.jar;E:\IdeaProjects\day6\spring_jdbc\libs\druid-1.1.22.jar;E:\IdeaProjects\day6\spring_jdbc\libs\mchange-commons-java-0.2.19.jar;E:\IdeaProjects\day6\spring_jdbc\libs\mysql-connector-java-8.0.23.jar;C:\Users\30207\.m2\repository\junit\junit\4.12\junit-4.12.jar;C:\Users\30207\.m2\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar" com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 domain.JdbcTemplateDemo2
Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.
1月 23, 2021 4:46:20 下午 com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource info
信息: {dataSource-1} inited

test6_1:
Emp{id=1001, ename='孙悟空', job_id=4, mgr=1004, joindate=2000-12-17, salary=10000.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=20}
Emp{id=1002, ename='卢俊义', job_id=3, mgr=1006, joindate=2001-02-20, salary=16000.0, bonus=3000.0, dept_id=30}
Emp{id=1003, ename='林冲', job_id=3, mgr=1006, joindate=2001-02-22, salary=12500.0, bonus=5000.0, dept_id=30}
Emp{id=1004, ename='唐僧', job_id=2, mgr=1009, joindate=2001-04-02, salary=29750.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=20}
Emp{id=1005, ename='李逵', job_id=4, mgr=1006, joindate=2001-09-28, salary=12500.0, bonus=14000.0, dept_id=30}
Emp{id=1006, ename='宋江', job_id=2, mgr=1009, joindate=2001-05-01, salary=28500.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=30}
Emp{id=1007, ename='刘备', job_id=2, mgr=1009, joindate=2001-09-01, salary=24500.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=10}
Emp{id=1008, ename='猪八戒', job_id=4, mgr=1004, joindate=2007-04-19, salary=30000.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=20}
Emp{id=1009, ename='罗贯中', job_id=1, mgr=0, joindate=2001-11-17, salary=50000.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=10}
Emp{id=1010, ename='吴用', job_id=3, mgr=1006, joindate=2001-09-08, salary=15000.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=30}
Emp{id=1011, ename='沙僧', job_id=4, mgr=1004, joindate=2007-05-23, salary=11000.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=20}
Emp{id=1012, ename='李逵', job_id=4, mgr=1006, joindate=2001-12-03, salary=9500.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=30}
Emp{id=1013, ename='小ldfv', job_id=4, mgr=1007, joindate=2002-01-23, salary=13000.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=10}
Emp{id=1014, ename='关羽', job_id=4, mgr=1007, joindate=2002-01-23, salary=13000.0, bonus=0.0, dept_id=10}
1
1
1
test4:
{id=1001, ename=孙悟空, job_id=4, mgr=1004, joindate=2000-12-17, salary=10000.00, bonus=null, dept_id=20}
-----------------------

test5:
{id=1001, ename=孙悟空, job_id=4, mgr=1004, joindate=2000-12-17, salary=10000.00, bonus=null, dept_id=20}
{id=1002, ename=卢俊义, job_id=3, mgr=1006, joindate=2001-02-20, salary=16000.00, bonus=3000.00, dept_id=30}
{id=1003, ename=林冲, job_id=3, mgr=1006, joindate=2001-02-22, salary=12500.00, bonus=5000.00, dept_id=30}
{id=1004, ename=唐僧, job_id=2, mgr=1009, joindate=2001-04-02, salary=29750.00, bonus=null, dept_id=20}
{id=1005, ename=李逵, job_id=4, mgr=1006, joindate=2001-09-28, salary=12500.00, bonus=14000.00, dept_id=30}
{id=1006, ename=宋江, job_id=2, mgr=1009, joindate=2001-05-01, salary=28500.00, bonus=null, dept_id=30}
{id=1007, ename=刘备, job_id=2, mgr=1009, joindate=2001-09-01, salary=24500.00, bonus=null, dept_id=10}
{id=1008, ename=猪八戒, job_id=4, mgr=1004, joindate=2007-04-19, salary=30000.00, bonus=null, dept_id=20}
{id=1009, ename=罗贯中, job_id=1, mgr=null, joindate=2001-11-17, salary=50000.00, bonus=null, dept_id=10}
{id=1010, ename=吴用, job_id=3, mgr=1006, joindate=2001-09-08, salary=15000.00, bonus=0.00, dept_id=30}
{id=1011, ename=沙僧, job_id=4, mgr=1004, joindate=2007-05-23, salary=11000.00, bonus=null, dept_id=20}
{id=1012, ename=李逵, job_id=4, mgr=1006, joindate=2001-12-03, salary=9500.00, bonus=null, dept_id=30}
{id=1014, ename=关羽, job_id=4, mgr=1007, joindate=2002-01-23, salary=13000.00, bonus=null, dept_id=10}
{id=1015, ename=郭靖, job_id=null, mgr=null, joindate=null, salary=null, bonus=null, dept_id=10}

test7:
14

Process finished with exit code 0

spring得到所有的连接池bean spring jdbc 连接池_spring得到所有的连接池bean_02