截图介绍
Android的调试工具DDMS提供有截屏功能,很多软件也会有截屏功能,在做支付等安全类应用的时候,为了保证用户的资产和系统安全,往往会禁止应用内截屏,禁止之后,在此应用处于前台的情况下,截屏功能将不能使用,如下图所示
截图的原理
DDMS的实现方式
DDMS是通过adb调用设备端的adbd(ADB daemon)提供的framebuffer service进行截屏(源码在system/core/adb/framebuffer_service.c),在较早版本的Android中,framebuffer service通过直接读framebuffer 设备(/dev/graphics/fb0)来截屏,但是读framebuffer设备(/dev/graphics/fb0)的方式在某些使用硬件overlay显示的设备上可能无法截取到某些画面(例如video playback和camera preview画面)。
在较新版本的Android中,framebuffer service则调用截屏工具screencap来截屏。
screencap工具
screencap是Android原生自带的工具,是一个C写的可执行文件,在设备上的/system/bin/下面可以找到它,screencap截屏后可保存为PNG格式文件或RGB RAW文件。screencap的源码frameworks/base/cmds/screencap/
,它调用SurfaceFlinger提供的截屏接口ScreenshotClient,其源码在frameworks/native/libs/gui/SurfaceComposerClient.cpp
(该路径在不同版本的Android源码中可能略有差别),ScreenshotClient通过进程间通信调用SurfaceFlinger service的截屏功能,源码在frameworks/native/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
中的函数SurfaceFlinger::captureScreen
。
SurfaceFlinger提供的上述截屏接口则可以完美截取任何屏幕画面,因此相对来说是Android上最正规最完善的截屏方法,使用起来也非常简单。
关于SurfaceFlinger和framebuffer的内容不再做赘述,因为描述起来非常复杂,不是本文的重点,有兴趣的同学可以参考相关资料学习。
截图的实现
shell命令实现
screencap 命令 用法如下
screencap [-hp] [FILENAME]
-h: this message
-p: save the file as a png.
If FILENAME ends with .png it will be saved as a png.
If FILENAME is not given, the results will be printed to stdout.
如果文件名以.png结尾时,它将保存为png文件
如果文件名没有给出,则结果被会被输出到stdout
例如 以下命令会将屏幕截图保存在sd卡路径下,文件名为screen.png
$ adb shell screencap -p /sdcard/screen.png
代码实现
截图工具类ScreenUtils
public class ScreenUtils {
private ScreenUtils() { /* cannot be instantiated */ throw new UnsupportedOperationException("cannot be instantiated"); } /** * 获得屏幕高度 * * @param context * @return */ public static int getScreenWidth(Context context) { WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) context .getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE); DisplayMetrics outMetrics = new DisplayMetrics(); wm.getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(outMetrics); return outMetrics.widthPixels; } /** * 获得屏幕宽度 * * @param context * @return */ public static int getScreenHeight(Context context) { WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) context .getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE); DisplayMetrics outMetrics = new DisplayMetrics(); wm.getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(outMetrics); return outMetrics.heightPixels; } /** * 获得状态栏的高度 * * @param context * @return */ public static int getStatusHeight(Context context) { int statusHeight = -1; try { Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.android.internal.R$dimen"); Object object = clazz.newInstance(); int height = Integer.parseInt(clazz.getField("status_bar_height") .get(object).toString()); statusHeight = context.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(height); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return statusHeight; } /** * 获取当前屏幕截图,包含状态栏 * * @param activity * @return */ public static Bitmap snapShotWithStatusBar(Activity activity) { View view = activity.getWindow().getDecorView(); view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true); view.buildDrawingCache(); Bitmap bmp = view.getDrawingCache(); int width = getScreenWidth(activity); int height = getScreenHeight(activity); Bitmap bp = null; bp = Bitmap.createBitmap(bmp, 0, 0, width, height); view.destroyDrawingCache(); return bp; } /** * 获取当前屏幕截图,不包含状态栏 * * @param activity * @return */ public static Bitmap snapShotWithoutStatusBar(Activity activity) { View view = activity.getWindow().getDecorView(); view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true); view.buildDrawingCache(); Bitmap bmp = view.getDrawingCache(); Rect frame = new Rect(); activity.getWindow().getDecorView().getWindowVisibleDisplayFrame(frame); int statusBarHeight = frame.top; int width = getScreenWidth(activity); int height = getScreenHeight(activity); Bitmap bp = null; bp = Bitmap.createBitmap(bmp, 0, statusBarHeight, width, height - statusBarHeight); view.destroyDrawingCache(); return bp; } }
通过调用以上工具类的截图方法就可以拿到图片的bitmap然后就可以随心所欲的进行进一步操作了。
禁止截图的实现
禁止截图通过对window对象加标志位FLAG_SECURE实现,此标识位的注释如下,
/** Window flag: treat the content of the window as secure, preventing
* it from appearing in screenshots or from being viewed on non-secure
* displays.
*
* <p>See {@link android.view.Display#FLAG_SECURE} for more details about
* secure surfaces and secure displays.
*/
public static final int FLAG_SECURE = 0x00002000;
使用方式如下:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE); }
private void initializeScreenshotSecurity() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH &&
TextSecurePreferences.isScreenSecurityEnabled(this))
{
getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE);
} else {
getWindow().clearFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE);
}
}