我们知道启动spring容器两常见的两种方式(其实都是加载spring容器的xml配置文件时启动的):
1.在应用程序下加载
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
2.web模式下加载
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-context.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
可以发现,执行new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext()的时候会打印以下日志:
2017-5-15 12:48:48 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
即调用AbstractApplicationContext类的prepareRefresh方法,我们去看AbstractApplicationContext类:
通过类图可以发现AbstractApplicationContext是一个抽象类,也属于BeanFactory体系,实现了ApplicationContext,再往下找到他的子类ClassPathXmlApplicationContext,来看它的具体实现
类里有很多重载的构造函数,到最后都是调用这个:
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] paths, Class clazz, ApplicationContext parent) throws BeansException {
super(parent);
Assert.notNull(paths, "Path array must not be null");
Assert.notNull(clazz, "Class argument must not be null");
this.configResources = new Resource[paths.length];
for (int i = 0; i < paths.length; i++) {
this.configResources[i] = new ClassPathResource(paths[i], clazz);
}
//IOC初始化过程
refresh();
}
这里就到重点了,refresh方法定义了ioc容器启动的整个过程,来看源码
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// 1.Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// 2.Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// 3.Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
4.// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
5.// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
6.// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
7.// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
8.// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
9.// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
10.// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
11.// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
//12. Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// 13.Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// 14.Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// 15.Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
}
}
接下来,一步一步分析spring干了哪些事
1.初始化BeanFactory:根据配置文件实例化BeanFactory,getBeanFactory()方法由具体子类实现。在这一步里,Spring将配置文件的信息解析成为一个个的BeanDefinition对象并装入到容器的Bean定义注册表(BeanDefinitionRegistry)中,但此时Bean还未初始化;obtainFreshBeanFactory()会调用自身的refreshBeanFactory(),而refreshBeanFactory()方法由子类AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext实现,该方法返回了一个创建的DefaultListableBeanFactory对象,这个对象就是由ApplicationContext管理的BeanFactory容器对象。这一步的操作相当于,如果我们在自己的应用代码中不用ApplicationContext而直接用BeanFactory时创建BeanFactory对象的操作,核心代码如下:
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocations);
2.调用工厂后处理器,根据反射机制从BeanDefinitionRegistry中找出所有BeanFactoryPostProcessor类型的Bean,并调用其postProcessBeanFactory()接口方法。经过第一步加载配置文件,已经把配置文件中定义的所有bean装载到BeanDefinitionRegistry这个Beanfactory中,对于ApplicationContext应用来说这个BeanDefinitionRegistry类型的BeanFactory就是Spring默认的DefaultListableBeanFactory
public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory implements ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, BeanDefinitionRegistry{}
在这些被装载的bean中,若有类型为BeanFactoryPostProcessor的bean(配置文件中配置的),则将对应的BeanDefinition生成BeanFactoryPostProcessor对象容器扫描BeanDefinitionRegistry中的BeanDefinition,使用java反射自动识别出Bean工厂后处理器(实现BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口)的bean,然后调用这些bean工厂后处理器对BeanDefinitionRegistry中的BeanDefinition进行加工处理,可以完成以下两项工作(当然也可以有其他的操作,用户自己定义):
1).对使用到占位符的<bean>元素标签进行解析,得到最终的配置值,这意味着对一些半成品式的BeanDefinition对象进行加工处理并取得成品的BeanDefinition对象。
2).对BeanDefinitionRegistry中的BeanDefinition进行扫描,通过Java反射机制找出所有属性编辑器的Bean(实现java.beans.PropertyEditor接口的Bean),并自动将它们注册到Spring容器的属性编辑器注册表中(PropertyEditorRegistry),这个Spring提供了实现:CustomEditorConfigurer,它实现了BeanFactoryPostProcessor,用它来在此注册自定义属性编辑器,核心代码如下:
protected void invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
// Invoke factory processors registered with the context instance.
for (Iterator it = getBeanFactoryPostProcessors().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
BeanFactoryPostProcessor factoryProcessor = (BeanFactoryPostProcessor) it.next();
factoryProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
}
// Do not initialize FactoryBeans here: We need to leave all regular beans
// 通过ApplicatinContext管理的beanfactory获取已经注册的BeanFactoryPostProcessor类型的bean的名字
String[] factoryProcessorNames =
beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(BeanFactoryPostProcessor.class, true, false);
// Separate between BeanFactoryPostProcessors that implement the Ordered
// interface and those that do not.
List orderedFactoryProcessors = new ArrayList();
List nonOrderedFactoryProcessorNames = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < factoryProcessorNames.length; i++) {
if (isTypeMatch(factoryProcessorNames[i], Ordered.class)) {
// 调用beanfactory的getBean取得所有的BeanFactoryPostProcessor对象
orderedFactoryProcessors.add(beanFactory.getBean(factoryProcessorNames[i]));
}
else {
nonOrderedFactoryProcessorNames.add(factoryProcessorNames[i]);
}
}
// First, invoke the BeanFactoryPostProcessors that implement Ordered.
Collections.sort(orderedFactoryProcessors, new OrderComparator());
for (Iterator it = orderedFactoryProcessors.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
BeanFactoryPostProcessor factoryProcessor = (BeanFactoryPostProcessor) it.next();
// 执行BeanFactoryPostProcessor的方法,传入当前持有的beanfactory对象,以获取要操作的
// BeanDefinition
factoryProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
}
// Second, invoke all other BeanFactoryPostProcessors, one by one.
for (Iterator it = nonOrderedFactoryProcessorNames.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String factoryProcessorName = (String) it.next();
((BeanFactoryPostProcessor) getBean(factoryProcessorName)).
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
}
}
BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口代码如下,实际的操作由用户扩展并配置:
public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
/**
* Modify the application context's internal bean factory after its standard
*/
void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;
}
3.注册Bean后处理器,根据反射机制从BeanDefinitionRegistry中找出所有BeanPostProcessor类型的Bean,并将它们注册到容器Bean后处理器的注册表中,AbstractApplicatinContext中对应代码如下:
protected void registerBeanPostProcessors(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
String[] processorNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(BeanPostProcessor.class, true, false);
// Register BeanPostProcessorChecker that logs an info message when
int beanProcessorTargetCount = beanFactory.getBeanPostProcessorCount() + 1 +
processorNames.length;
beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new BeanPostProcessorChecker(beanFactory,
beanProcessorTargetCount));
List orderedProcessors = new ArrayList();
List nonOrderedProcessorNames = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < processorNames.length; i++) {
if (isTypeMatch(processorNames[i], Ordered.class)) {
orderedProcessors.add(getBean(processorNames[i]));
}
else {
nonOrderedProcessorNames.add(processorNames[i]);
}
}
// First, register the BeanPostProcessors that implement Ordered.
Collections.sort(orderedProcessors, new OrderComparator());
for (Iterator it = orderedProcessors.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
// 注册bean后处理器,该方法定义于ConfigurableBeanFactory接口
beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor((BeanPostProcessor) it.next());
}
// Second, register all other BeanPostProcessors, one by one.
for (Iterator it = nonOrderedProcessorNames.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String processorName = (String) it.next();
beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor((BeanPostProcessor) getBean(processorName));
}
}
整段代码类似于第三步的调用工厂后处理器,区别之处在于,工厂后处理器在获取后立即调用,而Bean后处理器在获取后注册到上下文持有的beanfactory中,供以后操作调用(在用户获取bean的过程中,对已经完成属性设置工作的Bean进行后续加工,他加工的是bean,而工厂后处理器加工的是BeanDefinition)BeanPostProcessor 接口代码如下,实际的操作由用户扩展并配置:
public interface BeanPostProcessor {
Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
}
4.初始化消息源,初始化容器的国际化信息资源,源代码如下:
protected void initMessageSource() {
// 具体实现
}
5.初始化应用上下文事件广播器;(观察者模式中的具体主题角色,持有观察者角色的集合,称为注册表)AbstractApplciationContext拥有一个applicationEventMulticaster 成员变量,applicationEventMulticaster 提供了容器监听器的注册表,成其为事件广播器。在第七步中将会将事件监听器装入其中,AbstractApplicationContext中的代码如下:
protected void initApplicationEventMulticaster() {
// "applicationEventMulticaster",先看配置文件中有无配置该类型类(用户扩展 扩展点,如何扩展)
if (containsLocalBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)) {
this.applicationEventMulticaster = (ApplicationEventMulticaster)
getBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, ApplicationEventMulticaster.class);
}
else {
// 若没有,则应用Spring框架提供的事件广播器实例
this.applicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster();
}
}
public boolean containsLocalBean(String name) {
return getBeanFactory().containsLocalBean(name);
}
public Object getBean(String name, Class requiredType) throws BeansException {
return getBeanFactory().getBean(name, requiredType);
}
Spring初始化事件广播器,用户可以在配置文件中为容器定义一个自定义的事件广播器(bean的名称要为"applicationEventMulticaster"),只要实现ApplicationEventMulticaster就可以了,Spring在此会根据beanfactory自动获取。如果没有找到外部配置的事件广播器,Spring使用SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster作为事件广播器。
6.初始化其他特殊的Bean:这是一个钩子方法,子类可以借助这个钩子方法执行一些特殊的操作,如AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext就使用该钩子方法执行初始化ThemeSource的操作;
protected void onRefresh() throws BeansException {
// For subclasses: do nothing by default.
}
7.注册事件监听器;(观察者模式中的观察者角色)
Spring根据上下文持有的beanfactory对象,从它的BeanDefinitionRegistry中找出所有实现org.springfamework.context.ApplicationListener的bean,将BeanDefinition对象生成bean,注册为容器的事件监听器,实际的操作就是将其添加到事件广播器所提供的监听器注册表中
AbstractApplicationContext中的代码如下:
/** Statically specified listeners */
private List applicationListeners = new ArrayList();
public List getApplicationListeners() {
return this.applicationListeners;
}
protected void registerListeners() {
// Register statically specified listeners first.
for (Iterator it = getApplicationListeners().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
addListener((ApplicationListener) it.next());
}
// 获取ApplicationListener类型的所有bean,即事件监听器
// uninitialized to let post-processors apply to them!
Collection listenerBeans = getBeansOfType(ApplicationListener.class, true, false).values();
for (Iterator it = listenerBeans.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
// 将事件监听器装入第五步初始化的事件广播器
addListener((ApplicationListener) it.next());
}
}
public Map getBeansOfType(Class type, boolean includePrototypes, boolean allowEagerInit)
throws BeansException {
return getBeanFactory().getBeansOfType(type, includePrototypes, allowEagerInit);
}
protected void addListener(ApplicationListener listener) {
getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListener(listener);
}
ApplicationListener 的源代码如下:
/**
* Interface to be implemented by application event listeners.
* @see org.springframework.context.event.ApplicationEventMulticaster
*/
public interface ApplicationListener extends EventListener {
void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event);
}
8.初始化singleton的Bean:实例化所有singleton的Bean,并将它们放入Spring容器的缓存中;这就是和直接在应用中使用BeanFactory的区别之处,在创建ApplicationContext对象时,不仅创建了一个BeanFactory对象,并且还应用它实例化所有单实例的bean。(在spring的配置文件中,bean默认为单例,除非在bean的配置中显式指定scope="prototype")
AbstractApplicationContext中的代码如下:
beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
9.发布上下文刷新事件:在此处时容器已经启动完成,发布容器refresh事件(ContextRefreshedEvent)
创建上下文刷新事件,事件广播器负责将些事件广播到每个注册的事件监听器中。
publishEvent(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this));
public void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");
// 在此获取事件广播器,并调用其方法发布事件:调用所有注册的监听器的方法
getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(event);
if (this.parent != null) {
this.parent.publishEvent(event);
}
}
至此,ApplicationContext对象就完成了初始化工作:创建BeanFactory来装配BeanDefiniton,加工处理BeanDefiniton,注册了bean后处理器,初始化了消息资源,初始化了应用上下文事件广播器,注册了事件监听器,初始化了所有singleton的bean,最后发布上下文刷新事件。