首先得在阿里云根据流程开通短信服务,申请签名和模版,具体看文档



因为这是个web项目,用到了thymeleaf模板,所以在pom.xml中加入如下依赖
<dependency>
			<groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
			<artifactId>aliyun-java-sdk-core</artifactId>
			<version>4.4.0</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
			<artifactId>aliyun-java-sdk-dysmsapi</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.0</version>
		</dependency>
		
        <dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

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verifyCodeGenerator.java是生成验证码的工具类
public class verifyCodeGenerator {
//    生成验证码
public static String getVerifyCode()
{
    Random random=new Random();
StringBuffer stringBuffer=new StringBuffer();
for (int i=0;i<6;i++)
{
    stringBuffer.append(String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10)));
}
    System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());
    return  stringBuffer.toString();
}
}
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MsUtil .java是发送验证码的工具类
public class MsUtil {
//    发送验证码及返回验证码字符串
    public static String send(String mobile)
    {
        //设置超时时间-可自行调整
        System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "10000");
        System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "10000");
//初始化ascClient需要的几个参数
        final String product = "Dysmsapi";//短信API产品名称(短信产品名固定,无需修改)
        final String domain = "dysmsapi.aliyuncs.com";//短信API产品域名(接口地址固定,无需修改)
//替换成你的AK
        final String accessKeyId = "yourAccessKeyId";//你的accessKeyId,参考本文档步骤2
        final String accessKeySecret = "yourAccessKeySecret";//你的accessKeySecret,参考本文档步骤2
//初始化ascClient,暂时不支持多region(请勿修改)
        IClientProfile profile = DefaultProfile.getProfile("cn-hangzhou", accessKeyId,
                accessKeySecret);
        try {
            DefaultProfile.addEndpoint("cn-hangzhou", "cn-hangzhou", product, domain);
        } catch (ClientException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        IAcsClient acsClient = new DefaultAcsClient(profile);
        //组装请求对象
        SendSmsRequest request = new SendSmsRequest();
        //使用post提交
//        request.setMethod(MethodType.POST);//过期了
        request.setSysMethod(MethodType.POST);
        //必填:待发送手机号。支持以逗号分隔的形式进行批量调用,批量上限为1000个手机号码,批量调用相对于单条调用及时性稍有延迟,验证码类型的短信推荐使用单条调用的方式;发送国际/港澳台消息时,接收号码格式为国际区号+号码,如“85200000000”
        request.setPhoneNumbers(mobile);
        //必填:短信签名-可在短信控制台中找到
        request.setSignName("小生不才");
        //必填:短信模板-可在短信控制台中找到,发送国际/港澳台消息时,请使用国际/港澳台短信模版
        request.setTemplateCode("SMS_162732775");
        //可选:模板中的变量替换JSON串,如模板内容为"亲爱的${name},您的验证码为${code}"时,此处的值为
        //友情提示:如果JSON中需要带换行符,请参照标准的JSON协议对换行符的要求,比如短信内容中包含\r\n的情况在JSON中需要表示成\\r\\n,否则会导致JSON在服务端解析失败
        String verifyCode=verifyCodeGenerator.getVerifyCode();
        request.setTemplateParam("{\"code\":" + verifyCode + "}");
        //可选-上行短信扩展码(扩展码字段控制在7位或以下,无特殊需求用户请忽略此字段)
        //request.setSmsUpExtendCode("90997");
        //可选:outId为提供给业务方扩展字段,最终在短信回执消息中将此值带回给调用者
        request.setOutId("yourOutId");
//请求失败这里会抛ClientException异常
        try {
            SendSmsResponse acsResponse = acsClient.getAcsResponse(request);
        } catch (ClientException e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
        }
//        if(sendSmsResponse.getCode() != null && sendSmsResponse.getCode().equals("OK")) {
//            return verifyCode;
请求成功
//        }
     return  verifyCode;
    }
}
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application.properties的配置
#关闭thymeleaf缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
#ָ端口
server.port=8888
#模板的路径
spring.freemarker.template-loader-path=classpath:/templates
#设置模板的字符编码
spring.freemarker.charset=utf-8
        
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thymeleaf模板页面
sign_in.html 是发送和输入验证码页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="matchCode" method="post">
    <!--<input type="text" placeholder="请输入手机号码"/>-->
    <input type="text" placeholder="请输入验证码" name="yourCode">
    <input type="submit" value="确定">
</form>
<div th:text="${code}"></div>
</body>
</html>		
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test.html 是验证结果页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div th:text="${result}"></div>
</body>
</html>
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UserController .java
@Controller
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private HttpServletRequest request; //自动注入request

@GetMapping(value = "/")
public String sign(Model model)
{
    String code= MsUtil.send("你接收验证码的手机号");
//    String verifyCode = verifyCodeGenerator.getVerifyCode();
    model.addAttribute("code","验证码是"+code);

    request.getSession().setAttribute("code",code);
//    attr.addFlashAttribute("code",code);
    return "sign_in.html";
}
//匹配输入的验证码和发送的验证码是否一致
    @PostMapping(value = "matchCode")
    public String matchCode(@RequestParam String yourCode,Model model) {
        String code =(String) request.getSession().getAttribute("code");
        System.out.println("code===="+code);
        if (yourCode.equals(code)){
            System.out.println("成功");
           model.addAttribute("result","成功");
        }else {
            System.out.println("失败");
            model.addAttribute("result","失败");
        }
        return "test";
    }
}
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