##创建两台版本相同的mysql

1.主节点修改配置文件 /etc/mysql/my.cf

log-bin=master-bin                  #启用二进制日志 默认可以不改
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed 
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id       = 1                        #serverid 默认可以不改


修改后重启数据库


2.mysql主服务器创建一个只用于复制的用户:

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.%.%' identified by 'replpass';
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

3.修改从节点服务器配置文件:

# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
#log-bin=mysql-bin                                #关闭二进制
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id       = 20                                #修改id编号
relay-log       = relay-bin                        #添加中继服务日志

read-only       = on                                 #添加只读选项

    

MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%only%';        查看只读参数
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| read_only     | OFF   |            
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>

4.然后修改数据库中继配置:

MASTER_HOST = 'host_name' 主节点地址

MASTER_USER = 'user_name' 有复制权限用户名称

MASTER_PASSWORD = 'password' 有复制权限用户的密码

master_heartbeat_period=2;心跳信息时间间隔

master_log_file='master-bin.000001 主服务器二进制日志文件  # 查看主节点当前二进制日志文件位置 

MariaDB [mysql]> show master status;

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| master-bin.000001 |      497 |              |                  |

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

master_log_pos=497 主服务器二进制日志开始位置

MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.1.146',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=497,master_connect_retry=5,master_heartbeat_period=2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
创建完成后已经成功了;查看从节点状态:
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.146
                  Master_User: repluser
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 5
              Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 497
               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000003
                Relay_Log_Pos: 530
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 497
              Relay_Log_Space: 818
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

两个主要线程是否启动:如果没启动执行 start slave 命令

Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

5.ok配置完成,查看是否有日志:

[root@localhost mydata]# ll
total 29776
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    16384 Nov 23 19:44 aria_log.00000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       52 Nov 23 19:44 aria_log_control
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Nov 23 19:44 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Nov 23 19:44 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Nov 23 19:04 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql        5 Nov 23 19:44 localhost.pid
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       82 Nov 23 20:05 master.info
drwx------. 2 mysql root      4096 Nov 23 19:03 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    28229 Nov 23 19:03 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  1038814 Nov 23 19:03 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql      264 Nov 23 19:44 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       57 Nov 23 19:04 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Nov 23 19:03 performance_schema
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql      245 Nov 23 20:05 relay-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       19 Nov 23 20:05 relay-bin.index
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       43 Nov 23 20:05 relay-log.info
drwx------. 2 mysql root      4096 Nov 23 19:03 test
[root@localhost mydata]#

6.主节点创建库或表查看从节点是否有复制;

MariaDB [mydb]> create database mydb;
MariaDB [mydb]> create table tb1(id int);

双主模式配置:


主主:

互为主从:

1、数据不一致; 

2、自动增长id

定义一个节点使用奇数id

auto_increment_offset=1
auto_increment_increment=2

定义另一个节点使用偶数id

auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2


(1) 各自使用不同的server id

(2) 都启用binlog和relay log 

(3) 定义自动增长的id字段的增长方式

(4) 都授权有复制权限的用户账号

(5) 各自把对方指定为主服务器

节点1 my.cf配置:

log-bin=master-bin
relay-log=relay-bin
auto_increment_offset=1
auto_increment_increment=2

节点2 my.cf配置:

server-id = 21 
log-bin=master-bin 
relay-log=relay-bin 
auto_increment_offset=1 
auto_increment_increment=2

两个节点创建可以复制权限的用户:

grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.%.%' identified by 'replpass';

查看两个节点的二进制信息:

节点一:

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 |      507 |              |                  |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mydb]> change master to master_host='192.168.1.109',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=507;

启动进程:start slave;


节点二:

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000001 |      507 |              |                  |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mydb]> change master to master_host='192.168.1.146',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=507;

启动进程:start slave;

配置完成创建数据查看状态:

MariaDB [mydb]> create table tb1 (id int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,name char(30));
MariaDB [mydb]> insert into tb1 (name) values ('tom'),('jerry');

复制如何开始?

        主节点运行很长时间,且已经有一定规模的数据,如何启动复制?

 

        在主节点做一个完全备份,并记录二进制日志文件及位置;

        在从节点恢复此完全备份,并在启动复制时从记录的二进制日志文件和位置开始;

 

    复制时应该注意的问题:

        1、如何限制从服务器只读?

            在从服务器启动read_only;但仅对非具有SUPER权限的用户有效;

 


 

        2、如何保证主从复制时的事务安全?

            在master节点启用参数:

            #让从服务器也对尽早的读到二进制日志文件 

            如果用到的为InnoDB存储引擎:

         

innodb_flush_logs_at_trx_commit    #表示innodb事务提交时立即刷写到数据磁盘中
             innodb_support_xa=on                 #表示让innodb支持分布式事务


    在slave节点:

            

skip_slave_start   #表示跳过slave启动

 

     主节点(不考虑io情况下)可以启动以下选项:

             

sync_master_info = 1  1

 

 从节点:

           


sync_relay_log = 1
                sync_relay_log_info = 1

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/houzhimeng/1732725