1.什么是异步与异步的好处在哪里:异步不会阻塞主进程、主线程的执行。

2.异步和多线程和多进程的区别:1.异步也是一种线程,是一种轻量级的线程,python中称为携程。(与C++11 多线程类似)  2. 异步可以获取函数的返回值,而多线程多进程不能获取返回值,如果想获取返回值必须采用进程池或线程池。3.主进程需要异步才行。4.异步更适合文件读写使用

3.async,await与asyncio 模块

不采用异步:

#coding:utf-8

import time
import os
import multiprocessing
import json
import random
import threading

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

def a():
    for i in range(10):
        print(i,'a')
        time.sleep(random.random()*2)
    return 'a function'

def b():
    for i in range(10):
        print(i,'b')
        time.sleep(random.random()*2)
    return 'b function'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start = time.time()
    a()
    b()
    print('执行时间:',time.time()-start) #19.524394035339355

采用异步的方式:

#coding:utf-8

import time
import os
import multiprocessing
import json
import random
import threading
import asyncio

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

async def a():
    for i in range(10):
        print(i,'a','a()进程号:',os.getpid())
        #time.sleep(random.random()*2)  #time.sleep(...) 是一个CPU级别的阻塞,是一个同步的任务阻塞,必须修改成异步的,才有异步效果。
        await asyncio.sleep(random.random() * 2)
    return 'a function'

async def b():
    for i in range(10):
        print(i,'b','b()进程号:',os.getpid())
        #time.sleep(random.random()*2)
        await asyncio.sleep(random.random() * 2)
    return 'b function'

async def main():
    result = await asyncio.gather(
        a(),
        b()
    )
    print(result)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start = time.time()
    #a()
    #b()
    asyncio.run(main())
    print('执行时间:',time.time()-start) #9.962631940841675
    print('parent is %s '% os.getpid())

4.gevent异步模块的使用

pip install gevent

#coding:utf-8

import time
import os
import multiprocessing
import json
import random
import threading
import asyncio
import gevent

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

def gevent_a():
    for i in range(10):
        print(i,'a gevent pid:',os.getpid())
        gevent.sleep(random.random()*2) # 这里的sleep与time.time()的区别。这里的gevent.sleep(...)是当前业务的阻塞。time.time()是CPU级别的阻塞。
    return 'gevent a result'

def gevent_b():
    for i in range(10):
        print(i,'b gevent pid:',os.getpid())
        gevent.sleep(random.random()*2)
    return 'gevent b result'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    start = time.time()

    g_a = gevent.spawn(gevent_a)
    g_b = gevent.spawn(gevent_b)

    g_a.start()
    g_b.start()

    gevent_list = [g_a,g_b]
    result = gevent.joinall(gevent_list)
    print(result) # 返回2个携程对象
    print(dir(result[0])) #查看携程对象里面有哪些函数?
    print(result[0].value) #返回携程函数的返回值
    print(result[1].value)  # 返回携程函数的返回值

    print('执行时间:',time.time()-start) #9.962631940841675
    print('parent is %s '% os.getpid())