springmvc hibernate连接mysql

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mob6454cc788ee7 2024-09-09 10:41:17

文章标签 spring mvc spring hibernate 整合 xml 文章分类 MySQL 数据库

1.1整合思路分析

Java Web应用开发经过多年的发展，已经形成了一套成熟的程序结构。一个典型的使用了SpringMVC和Hibernate框架的应用，其结构如下图所示。

springmvc hibernate连接mysql_spring mvc

SpringMVC+Hibernate应用的程序结构

SpringMVC的主控制器DispatcherServlet接到请求后会调用特定的Controller。在Controller中又会调用业务类(Service)来执行业务逻辑。如果需要访问数据库，业务类则会继续调用数据库访问对象(DAO)。而在数据库访问对象中，则需要调用SessionFactory提供的Session实例的方法执行具体操作。Session最终会通过Connection等JDBC API来实现增删该查等操作，而Connction可以通过配置的数据源(DataSource)来提供。

通过以上分析不难看出，程序执行过程中依赖的方向是Controller--->Service--->DAO--->Session(由SessionFactory提供)--->Connection(由DataSource提供)，当使用Spring IOC进行依赖管理时，依赖注入的方向则正好与相反。下面通过对核心配置文件的讲解及功能点的展示来讲解Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate框架的搭建过程。

1.2 开发环境

开发工具:myeclipse8.6.1

数据库:mysql5.5.23

服务器: tomcat6.0.37

框架版本: spring3.2.2+hibernate3.3.2

1.3 案例开发步骤

步骤一:在myeclipse8.6中新建web工程SHMvc，拷贝如下包到lib目下：

springmvc hibernate连接mysql_spring_02

代码的目录结构如下图所示：

springmvc hibernate连接mysql_spring_03

步骤二:编写web.xml 配置文件，代码如下：

=================================web.xml========================
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<!-- 配置统一错误处理页面start -->
<error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/Err404.html</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
<error-code>500</error-code>
<location>/Err500.html</location>
</error-page>
<!-- 配置统一错误处理页面end -->
<!-- 配置登录验证过滤器start -->
<filter>
<filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.wx.filters.LoginFilter</filter-class>
<!-- 不做拦截的请求-->
<init-param>
<param-name>exclusions</param-name>
<param-value>SHMvc/,.js,.gif,.jpg,.jpeg,.png,.css,.ico,
        Login.jsp,Login.php,Register.jsp,register.php,CheckUser.php,
         ShowOneUser.jsp,ShowResult.jsp,Trans.php,ShowOneUser.php
</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 配置登录验证过滤器end -->
  
<!--druid连接池监控  config start -->
<filter>
<filter-name>DruidWebStatFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>exclusions</param-name>
<param-value>*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>DruidWebStatFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DruidStatView</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DruidStatView</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/druid/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--http://localhost:8080/SHMvc/druid/index.html    end-->
<!-- 解决hibernate延迟加载问题的处理 start -->
<filter>
<filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.php</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 解决hibernate延迟加载问题的处理 end -->
  
<!-- 配置spring mvc的字符集过滤  start-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encode</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encode</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 配置spring mvc的字符集过滤  end-->
  
<!--配置 springmvc 前端控制器  start-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:configs/mvc/springmvc-dispatcher.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
  
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.php</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置 springmvc 前端控制器  end-->
  
<!-- 加载log4jstart -->
<context-param>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:configs/log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 加载log4j end-->
  
<!-- 加载spring容器 start-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:configs/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 加载spring容器 end-->
  
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>Login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
============

====================================================

web.xml是我们web工程的核心配置所在。在这里，我们配置了统一错误处理、登录验证过滤器、druid连接池监控、解决hibernate延迟加载问题的过滤器、spring mvc的字符集过滤、spring mvc前端控制器、加载log4j、加载spring容器等相关配置。相关代码请看web.xml的注释部分。

重点知识讲解：(1) Spring需要启动容器才能为其他框架提供服务，由于Web应用程序的人口是被Web服务器控制的，所以，无法在main()方法中通过创建ClassPallXmIApplicationContext对象来启动Spring容器。Spring提供了一个监听器类org.springframework.web．context.ContextLoaderListener来解决这个问题。该监听器实现了ServletContextListener接口，可以在Web容器启动的时候初始化Spring容器。当然，前提是需要在web.xml中配置好这个监听器。具体请参见上面配置代码及相关的注释部分。

(2) Spring为我们提供了一个名为OpenSessionInViewFilter的过滤器，可以和前面提到的事务管理器及HibernateDaoSupport很好地配合。其作用是把一个Hibernate Session和一次完整的请求过程相绑定，在请求开始时开启Session，请求结束时关闭Session。这使得在一次请求的完整周期中，所使用的HibernateSession是唯一的且一直保持开启的可用状态，比较简便地解决了诸如延迟加载等问题。具体请参见上面的配置代码及相关的注释部分。

步骤三：建立hibernate二级缓存的配置文件,如下所示:
=========================echache.xml==============================
<ehcache>
<diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/>
 
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory="100"
eternal="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
overflowToDisk="true"
/>
</ehcache>
=====================================================================

步骤四：建立hibernate核心配置文件,如下所示:
======================hibernate.cfg.xml==============================
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration  PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 配置数据库方言(即数据库的类型) -->
<property name="dialect">
       org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
</property>
<!-- 把会话绑定到线程上 -->
<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 是否展示sql -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- 是否格式化sql -->
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 二级缓存的提供类 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">
       org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
</property>
<!-- 二级缓存配置文件的路径-->
<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">configs/ehcache.xml</property>
<!-- 是否开启二级缓存 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</property>
<!-- 是否开启查询缓存 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</property>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
=====================================================================

步骤五：建立druid数据源的属性文件,如下所示:
========================= druidConfig.properties=====================
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc\:mysql\://localhost\:3306/schooldb
username=root
password=123456
#配置监控统计拦截的filters，去掉后监控界面sql无法统计
filters=stat
#配置初始化大小
initialSize=6
#配置初始化最大连接数
maxActive=20
#配置最小空闲连接数
minIdle=3
#配置获取连接等待超时的时间,1分钟
maxWait=60000
#检测连接是否有效的SQL 
validationQuery=SELECT  'x'
#申请连接的时候检测，如果空闲时间大于timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis，执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效
testWhileIdle=true
#申请连接时执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效，做了这个配置会降低性能
testOnBorrow=false
#归还连接时执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效，做了这个配置会降低性能
testOnReturn=false
#启用PSCache，必须配置大于0，当大于0时，poolPreparedStatements自动触发修改为true 
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=20
#对于长时间不使用的连接强制关闭
removeAbandoned=true
#超过30秒的空闲连接就可以被关闭了,单位是秒
removeAbandonedTimeout=30
#配置间隔多久才进行一次检测，检测需要关闭的空闲连接，单位是毫秒
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=10000
#配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间，单位是毫秒
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=30000
=====================================================================

步骤六：建立log4j的属性文件,如下所示:
========================= log4j.properties=====================
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,  Console
 
#Console
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p  [%c] %m%n
=====================================================================

步骤七：建立spring的核心配置文件,如下所示:
========================= applicationContext.xml=====================
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
    
<!-- 导入dao层和service层的bean配置 -->
<import resource="classpath:configs/spring/applicationContext-dao.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:configs/spring/applicationContext-service.xml"/>
    
<!-- 加载druid数据源的属性文件 -->
<bean id="config" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PreferencesPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="location">
<value>classpath:configs/druidConfig.properties</value>
</property>
</bean>
    
<!-- druid数据源的配置 -->
<bean id="druidDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
init-method="init"destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName"value="${driverClassName}" />
<property name="url"value="${url}" />
<property name="username"value="${username}" />
<property name="password"value="${password}" />
<property name="filters"value="${filters}" />
<property name="initialSize"value="${initialSize}" />
<property name="maxActive"value="${maxActive}" />
<property name="minIdle"value="${minIdle}" />
<property name="maxWait"value="${maxWait}" />
<property name="validationQuery"value="${validationQuery}" />
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="${testWhileIdle}" />
<property name="testOnBorrow"value="${testOnBorrow}" />
<property name="testOnReturn"value="${testOnReturn}" />
<property name="maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize"value="${maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize}"/>
<property name="removeAbandoned"value="${removeAbandoned}" />
<property name="removeAbandonedTimeout"value="${removeAbandonedTimeout}" />
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis"value="${timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis}" />
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis"value="${minEvictableIdleTimeMillis}" />
</bean>
    
<!-- 配置sessionFactory ，即在这里整合hibernate-->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource"ref="druidDataSource"></property>
<property name="configLocation">
<value>classpath:configs/hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
</property>
<property name="mappingLocations">
<list>
<value>classpath:com/wx/entitys/*.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置sessionFactory end-->
    
<!-- 统一事务处理的配置start -->
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvise" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="find*"read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="search*"read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="query*"read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="get*"read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="add*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="save*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="do*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(*com.wx.service.*.*(..))" id="myCut"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvise"pointcut-ref="myCut"/>
</aop:config>
<!-- 统一事务处理的配置end -->
</beans>

=====================================================================

步骤八：编写dao层的配置文件applicationContext-dao.xml，如下所示:

===================== applicationContext-dao.xml====================
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
    
<bean id="userDao" class="com.wx.dao.user.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory">
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="acctDao" class="com.wx.dao.account.AcountDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory">
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="studentDao" class="com.wx.dao.school.StudentDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory">
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="deptDao" class="com.wx.dao.school.DepartmentDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory">
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
=====================================================================

步骤九：编写service层的配置文件applicationContext-service.xml，如下所示:
====================applicationContext-service.xml==================
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
    
<bean id="userService" class="com.wx.service.UserService">
<property name="userDao"ref="userDao"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="schoolService" class="com.wx.service.SchoolService">
<property name="deptDao"ref="deptDao"></property>
<property name="studentDao"ref="studentDao"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="acctService" class="com.wx.service.AccountService">
<property name="acctDao"ref="acctDao"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

=====================================================================

步骤十：编写spring mvc的核心配置文件springmvc-dispatcher.xml，如下所示:

==================== springmvc-dispatcher.xml==================
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC  "-//SPRING//DTDBEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<!-- 导入控制器的bean配置 -->
<import resource="classpath:configs/mvc/springmvc-controler.xml"/>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean id="resourceView" 
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix"value="/"></property>
<property name="suffix"value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 映射处理器 -->
<bean id="simpleUrlMapping" 
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/Login.php">userControl</prop>
<prop key="/Quit.php">userControl</prop>
<prop key="/Trans.php">acctControl</prop>
<prop key="/GetAllDept.php">deptControl</prop>
<prop key="/QueryStu.php">studentControl</prop>
<prop key="/Register.php">userControl</prop>
<prop key="/ShowOneUser.php">userControl</prop>
<prop key="/CheckUser.php">userControl</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

<bean id="springMethodNameResolver" 
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.PropertiesMethodNameResolver">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/Login.php">login</prop>
<prop key="/Quit.php">quit</prop>
<prop key="/Trans.php">doTransfer</prop>
<prop key="/GetAllDept.php">getAllDeptNames</prop>
<prop key="/QueryStu.php">queryAllStu</prop>
<prop key="/Register.php">register</prop>
<prop key="/ShowOneUser.php">showOne</prop>
<prop key="/CheckUser.php">isUserExist</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

=====================================================================

步骤十一：编写控制器的配置文件springmvc-controler.xml，如下所示:

==================== springmvc-controler.xml==============================
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC  "-//SPRING//DTDBEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="userControl"class="com.wx.controler.user.UserControl">
<property name="methodNameResolver"ref="springMethodNameResolver">
</property>
<property name="userServ"ref="userService"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="acctControl" class="com.wx.controler.account.AccountControl">
<property name="methodNameResolver"ref="springMethodNameResolver">
</property>
<property name="acctServ"ref="acctService"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="deptControl" class="com.wx.controler.school.DepartControl">
<property name="methodNameResolver"ref="springMethodNameResolver">
</property>
<property name="schoolServ"ref="schoolService"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="studentControl" class="com.wx.controler.school.StudentControl">
<property name="methodNameResolver"ref="springMethodNameResolver">
</property>
<property name="schoolServ"ref="schoolService"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

=====================================================================

说明：其它的java类和jsp代码不一一列出，因为实在太多了，有需要请联系我。

步骤十二: 启动tomcat，发布项目，在地址栏分别输入 http://localhost:8080/SHMvc

进行测试。登录后的结果如图所示：

springmvc hibernate连接mysql_xml_04