spring 微服务多模块 maven spring 微服务入门

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AI智行者 2024-02-27 21:31:46

文章标签 spring 微服务多模块 maven spring boot 3d spring 3c 文章分类 运维

一. OpenFeign简介
微服务免不了服务的调用，在上一章Ribbon篇时用RestTemplate来进行服务调用。具体请参考：
微服务之Springcloud 从零基础到入门——Ribbon篇
但在使用时可以发现一个问题，那就是用RestTemplate调用服务时参数的传递过多，代码相对冗余复杂。Feign是一个声明式的REST客户端，它的目的就是让REST调用更加简单。OpenFeign是Spring Cloud 在Feign的基础上支持了Spring MVC的注解，如@RequesMapping等等。通过动态代理的方式产生实现类，实现类中做负载均衡并调用其他服务。

二. 前置环境介绍
本例仍然使用Eureka集群，在注册中心已经部署了两个相同的服务CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE，实现了服务的高可用。其中父项目已经对版本进行了统一的管理，spring cloud版本为Hoxton.SR1版，eureka和openfeign都为2.2.1版

三. 基于OpenFeign的服务消费者的创建
引入依赖，因为要从服务注册中心拉取服务，所以必须引入Eureka的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
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编写application.yml文件，此处未将服务消费者注册到服务器上，因为它不需要被其他服务发现，只需要让OpenFeign去调用相应的服务即可。
server:
port: 8604

eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
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编写主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients //开启feign的功能
public class Order8604Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Order8604Application.class,args);
}
}
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编写Service接口来映射服务提供者的方法，只有加了@EnableFeignClients注解才能使用OpenFeign的相关功能，此处必须添加@Component注解，将其加入容器，否则会产生错误。该处代码表示将CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE服务中提供的方法映射到本接口当中，其中访问路径、返回值类型、函数名、参数类型和个数都必须保持和服务提供者中的方法相同。（最好直接copy过来，然后删除方法体）
@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE")
public interface OrderService {
@GetMapping("payment/findById/{id}")
CommonResult<Payment> findById(@PathVariable("id") long id);
}
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编写controller调用service服务，该处即为常规的controller代码，访问路径可以自己随意修改，只需要将刚刚的service接口注入进来即可。
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@Resource
private OrderService orderService;

@GetMapping("consumer/payment/findById/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> findById(@PathVariable("id") long id){
return orderService.findById(id);
}
}
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四. OpenFeign的日志打印功能
编写Openfeign的配置类
@Configuration
public class FeignConfig {
@Bean
Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel(){
return Logger.Level.FULL; //日志类别为详细日志
}
}
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修改yml配置文件，将日志级别修改为自己需要的级别
logging:
level:
com.lk.springcloud.service.OrderService: debug
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日志打印结果

五. 下一篇介绍
本文介绍了OpenFeign的基本使用，如对日志功能感兴趣的小伙伴可以自行参考官网进行学习，接下来将对微服务当中的熔断框架Hystrix进行介绍，感谢大家的阅读！

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