python telnet到交换机收集交换机日志 python下发交换机配置

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mob6454cc782a8c 2024-07-26 13:39:38

文章标签 python 网络自动化 Cisco IT 文章分类 Python 后端开发

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Successfully installed bcrypt-3.1.7 cffi-1.14.0 cryptography-2.9.2 future-0.18.2 netmiko-3.1.1 paramiko-2.7.1 pycparser-
2.20 pynacl-1.4.0 pyserial-3.4 scp-0.13.2 six-1.15.0 textfsm-1.1.0

验证
C:\Users\Administrator> python

import netmiko
#引入模块无报错，说明模块安装成功

Netmiko模块介绍

当前支持设备类型

Arista vEOS
 Cisco ASA
 Cisco IOS
 Cisco IOS-XE
 Cisco IOS-XR
 Cisco NX-OS
 Cisco SG300
 HP ProCurve
 Juniper Junos
 LinuxAlcatel AOS6/AOS8
 Apresia Systems AEOS
 Calix B6
 Cisco AireOS (Wireless LAN Controllers)
 CloudGenix ION
 Dell OS9 (Force10)
 Dell OS10
 Dell PowerConnect
 Extreme ERS (Avaya)
 Extreme VSP (Avaya)
 Extreme VDX (Brocade)
 Extreme MLX/NetIron (Brocade/Foundry)
 HPE Comware7
 Huawei
 IP Infusion OcNOS
 Juniper ScreenOS
 Mellanox
 MikroTik RouterOS
 MikroTik SwitchOS
 NetApp cDOT
 Nokia/Alcatel SR OS
 OneAccess
 Palo Alto PAN-OS
 Pluribus
 Ruckus ICX/FastIron
 Ruijie Networks
 Ubiquiti EdgeSwitch
 Vyatta VyOSA10
 Accedian
 Aruba
 Ciena SAOS
 Citrix Netscaler
 Cisco Telepresence
 Check Point GAiA
 Coriant
 Dell OS6
 Dell EMC Isilon
 Eltex
 Enterasys
 Endace
 Extreme EXOS
 Extreme Wing
 Extreme SLX (Brocade)
 F5 TMSH
 F5 Linux
 Fortinet
 MRV Communications OptiSwitch
 MRV LX
 QuantaMesh
 Rad ETX
 Versa Networks FlexVNF

常用方法

net_connect.send_command() #向下发送命令，返回输出（基于模式）
 net_connect.send_command_timing() #沿通道发送命令，返回输出（基于时序）
 net_connect.send_config_set() #将配置命令发送到远程设备
 net_connect.send_config_from_file() #发送从文件加载的配置命令
 net_connect.save_config() #将running#config保存到startup#config
 net_connect.enable() #输入启用模式
 net_connect.find_prompt() #返回当前路由器提示符
 net_connect.commit() #在Juniper和IOS#XR上执行提交操作
 net_connect.disconnect() #关闭连接
 net_connect.write_channel() #通道的低级写入
 net_connect.read_channel() #通道的低级写入

参考链接

https://pynet.twb-tech.com/blog/automation/netmiko.html https://github.com/ktbyers/netmiko

配置 Python 脚本

一、Cisco

编辑文件，文件命名Cisco_Autoconfig.py

#!/usr/bin/python3
 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-ScriptName: Cisco_Autoconfig.py
Create Date: 2020-07-08 16:35
Modify Date: 2020-07-08 16:35
#***************************************************************#
 from netmiko import ConnectHandler,NetmikoTimeoutException,NetmikoAuthenticationException #引入netmiko连接模块、报错模块
 import getpass #引入密码模块
 import time #引入时间模块
 date = time.strftime(‘%Y%m%d’, time.localtime()) #赋予date变量
 password = getpass.getpass(‘Password:’) #赋予password变量host={
 ‘192.168.1.10’,
 ‘192.168.1.11’,
 }; #定义需要下发配置的主机 IPfor ip in host: #定义循环
 #创建字典
 cisco_ios = {
 ‘device_type’:“cisco_ios”, #定义设备类型
 ‘ip’:ip, #调用变量ip
 ‘port’:‘22’, #指定端口，默认为22
 ‘username’:‘admin’, #设备登录名
 ‘password’:password, #调用getpass模块
 #‘secret’ : ‘admin’ #enable密码
 }
 try:
 cisco_connect = ConnectHandler(**cisco_ios) #传入设备字典与设备建立SSH连接。
 print (“Sucessfully Login to”,ip)
 print (“Building configuration…”)
 config = [‘ntp server 192.168.1.1’,‘ntp server 192.168.1.2’,‘do show run | sec ntp’] #定义需要配置的命令
 input = cisco_connect.send_config_set(config) #执行命令
 print(input) #打印输出结果
 print(ip,‘Was finished!\n’,“-”*100)
 except NetmikoAuthenticationException : #认证失败报错记录
 e1 = open(f’{date}.txt’,‘a’)
 print(date,ip,‘[Error 1] Authentication failed.\n’,file = e1)
 e1.close
 except NetmikoTimeoutException : #登录超时报错记录
 e2 = open(f’{date}.txt’,‘a’)
 print(date,ip,‘[Error 2] Connection timed out.\n’,file = e2)
 e2.close
 except : #未知报错记录
 e3 = open(f’{date}.txt’,‘a’)
 print(date,ip,‘[Error 3] Unknown error.\n’,file = e3)
 e3.close
 cisco_connect.disconnect() #断开SSH连接

执行脚本

C:\Users\Administrator> python Cisco_Autoconfig.py
 Password: #输入密码
 Sucessfully Login to 192.168.1.10
 Building configuration…
 config term
 Enter configuration commands, one per line.
 Cisco_C2960_01(config)#ntp server 192.168.1.1
 Cisco_C2960_01(config)#ntp server 192.168.1.2
 Cisco_C2960_01(config)#do sho run | in ntp
 ntp server 192.168.1.1
 ntp server 192.168.1.2
 Cisco_C2960_01(config)#end
 Cisco_C2960_01#
 192.168.1.10 Was finished!Sucessfully Login to 192.168.1.11
 Building configuration…
 config term
 Enter configuration commands, one per line.
 Cisco_C2960_02(config)#ntp server 192.168.1.1
 Cisco_C2960_02(config)#ntp server 192.168.1.2
 Cisco_C2960_02(config)#do sho run | in ntp
 ntp server 192.168.1.1
 ntp server 192.168.1.2
 Cisco_C2960_02(config)#end
 Cisco_C2960_02#
 192.168.1.11 Was finished!C:\Users\Administrator>

当主机出现不可达或者密码错误时，在执行过程中会自动创建以日期命名的 txt 文件，记录失败主机 IP 、时间和原因，如下：

C:\Users\Administrator> more 20200709.txt
 20200708 192.168.1.11 [Error 1] Authentication failed.
 20200708 192.168.1.12 [Error 2] Connection timed out.
 20200708 192.168.1.13 [Error 3] Unknown error.

二、华为

编辑文件，文件命名Huawei_Autoconfig.py

#!/usr/bin/python3
 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-ScriptName: Huawei_Autoconfig.py
Create Date: 2020-07-08 16:35
Modify Date: 2020-07-08 16:35
#***************************************************************#
 from netmiko import ConnectHandler,NetmikoTimeoutException,NetmikoAuthenticationException #引入netmiko连接模块、报错模块
 import getpass #引入密码模块
 import time #引入时间模块
 date = time.strftime(‘%Y%m%d’, time.localtime()) #赋予date变量

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