本文是在参考文章的基础上修改的,对下面评论的问题进行一些测试和实现,同时对一些代码增加了相关的注释方便理解:

需了解的知识:

  • base64编码
  • 非对称加密原理

问题
1、修改公私钥还可以成功解密? 通过修改密钥测试,我的是会报错的
2、私钥加密公钥解密报错? 通过对代码的修改,进行测试成功了

代码如下

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @创建人 QC
 * @创建时间 2021-8-25
 */
public class Test {
    /**
     * 密钥长度 于原文长度对应 以及越长速度越慢
     */
    private final static int KEY_SIZE = 1024;
    /**
     * 用于封装随机产生的公钥与私钥
     */
    private static Map<Integer, String> keyMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
    /**
     * 随机生成密钥对
     */
    public static void genKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        // KeyPairGenerator类用于生成公钥和私钥对,基于RSA算法生成对象
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        // 初始化密钥对生成器
        keyPairGen.initialize(KEY_SIZE, new SecureRandom());
        // 生成一个密钥对,保存在keyPair中
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
        // 得到私钥
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
        // 得到公钥
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
        String publicKeyString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(publicKey.getEncoded());
        // 得到私钥字符串
        String privateKeyString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(privateKey.getEncoded());
        // 将公钥和私钥保存到Map
        //0表示公钥
        keyMap.put(0, publicKeyString);
        //1表示私钥
        keyMap.put(1, privateKeyString);
    }
    /**
     * RSA公钥加密
     *
     * @param str       加密字符串
     * @param publicKey 公钥
     * @return 密文
     * @throws Exception 加密过程中的异常信息
     */
    public static String encrypt(String str, String publicKey) throws Exception {
        //base64编码的公钥,    用base64处理下主要是将字符串内的不可见字符转换成可见字符,防止不同机器处理错误
        byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKey);
        RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
        //RSA加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);
        //这里没用像解密  new String  主要还是这个是要传输的,所以用base64编码的,防止错误
        String outStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8")));
        return outStr;

    }

    /**
     * RSA私钥加密
     *
     *
     * @param str   加密字符串
     * @param privateKey   私钥
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encryptByPrivate(String str,String privateKey ) throws Exception {
        //base64编码公钥
        byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(privateKey);

        RSAPrivateKey rsa = (RSAPrivateKey)KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,rsa);
        String outStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8")));
//        String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(decoded));
        return outStr;

    }
    /**
     * RSA私钥解密
     *
     * @param str        待解密字符串
     * @param privateKey 私钥
     * @return 明文
     * @throws Exception 解密过程中的异常信息
     */
    public static String decrypt(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception {
        //64位解码加密后的字符串
        byte[] inputByte = Base64.getDecoder().decode(str);
        //base64编码的私钥
        byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(privateKey);
        RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
        //RSA解密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
        //这里直接new String()   ,  不用传输,为了直接查看解密后的明文(base64加密后看不懂)
        String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte));
//        byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(inputByte);    base64编码后的明文
        return outStr;
    }

    /**
     *
     * RSA公钥解密
     *
     * @param str         待解密字符串
     * @param publicKey  公钥
     * @return 明文
     * @throws Exception
     */

    public static String decryptByPublic(String str,String publicKey) throws Exception{
        //获取Base64编码的待解密密文
        byte[] inputByte = Base64.getDecoder().decode(str);
        //获取Base64编码的公钥
        byte[] decode = Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKey);
        PublicKey rsa = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decode));
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,rsa);
        String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte));
        return outStr;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------公钥加密,私钥解密------------------------------------------------");
        long temp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //生成公钥和私钥
        genKeyPair();
        //加密字符串
        System.out.println("公钥:" + keyMap.get(0));
        System.out.println("私钥:" + keyMap.get(1));
//        System.err.println(keyMap.get(0));
//        String s = keyMap.get(0);
//        keyMap.put(0,s.substring(0,s.length()-1));
//        System.err.println(keyMap.get(0));
        System.out.println("生成密钥消耗时间:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - temp) / 1000.0 + "秒");
        String message = "RSA测试ABCD~!@#$";
        System.out.println("原文:" + message);
        temp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String messageEn = encrypt(message, keyMap.get(0));
        System.out.println("密文:" + messageEn);
        System.out.println("加密消耗时间:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - temp) / 1000.0 + "秒");
        temp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String messageDe = decrypt(messageEn, keyMap.get(1));
        System.out.println("解密:" + messageDe);
        System.out.println("解密消耗时间:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - temp) / 1000.0 + "秒");

        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------私钥加密,公钥解密,签名------------------------------------------------");

        long temp1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //生成公钥和私钥
        genKeyPair();
        //加密字符串
        System.out.println("公钥:" + keyMap.get(0));
        System.out.println("私钥:" + keyMap.get(1));
//        System.err.println(keyMap.get(0));
//        String s = keyMap.get(0);
//        keyMap.put(0,s.substring(0,s.length()-1));
//        System.err.println(keyMap.get(0));
        System.out.println("生成密钥消耗时间:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - temp1) / 1000.0 + "秒");
        String message1 = "RSA测试ABCD~!@#$";
        System.out.println("原文:" + message1);
        temp1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String messageEn1 = encryptByPrivate(message1, keyMap.get(1));
        System.out.println("密文:" + messageEn1);
        System.out.println("加密消耗时间:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - temp1) / 1000.0 + "秒");
        temp1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String messageDe1 = decryptByPublic(messageEn1, keyMap.get(0));
        System.out.println("解密:" + messageDe1);
        System.out.println("解密消耗时间:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - temp1) / 1000.0 + "秒");

    }
}

欢迎大家指正>.<