Docker认识和深入（二）

容器数据卷

什么是容器数据卷

docker将应用和环境打包成一个镜像！那么数据怎么办，如果数据都在容器中，那么我们容器删除，数据就会丢失！需要：数据可以持久化 Mysql， 容器删了，Mysql数据可以存储在本地，容器之间可以有一个数据共享技术，Docker 容器 产生的数据，同步到本地

这就是卷技术，目录的挂载，将我们容器内的目录，挂载到Linux上面！

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_centos

容器的持久化和同步操作，容器创建也是可以数据共享的。

使用数据卷

方法一，直接使用命令来挂载 -v

[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# docker  run -it -v 主机目录，容器内目录

[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash
[root@a38b20352b92 /]# cd /home
[root@a38b20352b92 home]# ls

[root@a38b20352b92 home]# [root@VM-0-15-centos home]# docker inspect a38b20352b92
[
    {
        "Id": "a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2",
        "Created": "2021-02-27T21:00:01.224038543Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 164311,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-02-27T21:00:01.942921355Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2/a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2-json.log",
        "Name": "/funny_williamson",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": [
                "/home/ceshi:/home"
            ],
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f20f90abb60811570efc5a8f22eb543c9aa0281c9791a82d48d81271a8a4d72-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d9a9bf7b3335d07d2b17c68fd2740fdb791ee1dad81cf444c899e9fc6950962f/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f20f90abb60811570efc5a8f22eb543c9aa0281c9791a82d48d81271a8a4d72/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f20f90abb60811570efc5a8f22eb543c9aa0281c9791a82d48d81271a8a4d72/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f20f90abb60811570efc5a8f22eb543c9aa0281c9791a82d48d81271a8a4d72/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/home/ceshi",
                "Destination": "/home",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "a38b20352b92",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "626aac1eaa5039cb63bd9f45285dceba43bb05a737cec8aa5e131b54b889da1b",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/626aac1eaa50",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "43f9d1bfb338f1a0eeaa536a8d2a646845cf9bbc29221109124560ffa84f6c8a",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "0e9f5f104436d02c097d84143e55cb7db8d8ce04d3ddc724f6c0ba6f9f4f8486",
                    "EndpointID": "43f9d1bfb338f1a0eeaa536a8d2a646845cf9bbc29221109124560ffa84f6c8a",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# ls
ceshi  test.java

用查看容器信息，看到已经挂载成功

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_centos_02

共享数据

[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# docker exec -it a38b20352b92  /bin/bash
[root@a38b20352b92 /]# cd /home
[root@a38b20352b92 home]# touch test.java
[root@a38b20352b92 home]# ls
test.java
[root@a38b20352b92 home]# read escape sequence
[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# ls
ceshi  test.java
[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# cd ceshi
[root@VM-0-15-centos ceshi]# ls
test.java
[root@VM-0-15-centos ceshi]#

总结，你容器里面修改了数据，挂载到linux的目录下的文件也同步修改了，可以说是双向绑定。

安装Mysql，同步数据

#获取镜像
[root@localhost home] docker pull mysql:5.7

#运行容器 需要做数据挂载出来 配置mysql 密码
#参数
-d 后台运行
-p 端口映射
-v 卷挂载
-e 密码配置
--name 容器名字


[root@localhost home]docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/grkj/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/grkj/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root  --name mysql5.7 mysql:5.7

具名和匿名挂载

#匿名挂载
-v 容器内路径
-d 后台运行
-P 随机端口
--name 容器名
-v 挂载卷
#匿名挂载，在 -v 只写容器内的路径，没有写容器外的路径
[root@localhost home] docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx
#查看所有的volume 的情况
[root@localhost home] docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     6998ce93e67d3d3bdd4151425ce507d7f290cf7889c488308f5e0d414c31f4c3



#具名挂载
[root@localhost data]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
5a55f9620a69b10037ab9751a5429a3b65c141d94c8d5b26ea4b9558d0a06cb9
[root@localhost data]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     6998ce93e67d3d3bdd4151425ce507d7f290cf7889c488308f5e0d414c31f4c3
local     juming-nginx
[root@localhost data]# docker volume inspect  juming-nginx
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2021-02-28T16:26:58+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",
        "Name": "juming-nginx",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]

[root@localhost data]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/
[root@localhost volumes]# ls
6998ce93e67d3d3bdd4151425ce507d7f290cf7889c488308f5e0d414c31f4c3  juming-nginx
backingFsBlockDev                                                 metadata.db

所有的docker 容器内的卷， 没有指定目录的情况下都是在 /var/lib/docker/volumes/XXX/_data

通过具名挂载可以方便的找到一个卷，大多数情况在使用的 具名挂载

#如何确定是具名挂载还是匿名挂载，还是指定路径挂载
-v 容器内路径  #匿名挂载
-v 卷名:容器内路径   #具名挂载
-v /宿主机路径:容器内路径 #指定路径挂载
#通过 -v 容器内路径 ： ro rw 改变读写权限
ro  readonly #只读
rw  readwrite  #可读可写

#一旦这个设置了容器权限，容器对我们挂载出来的内容就有限定了；
[root@localhost data]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx

[root@localhost data]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx

初始Docker file

Dockerfile 就是用来构建 docker 镜像的构建文件！命令脚本。

通过这个脚本可以生成镜像，镜像是一层一层的，脚本的一个个的命令，每个脚本都是一层

#方式二
[root@localhost /]# cd home
[root@localhost home]# ls


[root@localhost home]mkdir docker-test-volume 
[root@localhost docker-test-volume]# vim dockerfile1

#自定义一个 DockerFile 文件
#以 centos为镜像
FROM centos

# 挂载 文件目录
VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]

#打印输出 结束
CMD echo "----end----"
# 进入 该文件下
CMD /bin/bash

[root@localhost docker-test-volume]# docker build -f dockerfile1 -t kelecc/centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
latest: Pulling from library/centos
7a0437f04f83: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
 ---> Running in 470a4f87a1c9
Removing intermediate container 470a4f87a1c9
 ---> 2e543565a263
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "----end----"
 ---> Running in fea835265982
Removing intermediate container fea835265982
 ---> ccb90b7181c0
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in dcaf336e68c1
Removing intermediate container dcaf336e68c1
 ---> 006a24864b5b
Successfully built 006a24864b5b
Successfully tagged kelecc/centos:latest
[root@localhost docker-test-volume]# docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
kelecc/centos   latest    006a24864b5b   9 seconds ago   209MB
centos          latest    300e315adb2f   2 months ago    209MB
hello-world     latest    bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB

[root@localhost volumes]# docker run -it 006a24864b5b /bin/bash

#这里  volume02 volume01 就是生成的镜像 自动挂载 的  数据卷目录
[root@5c039dbbdce9 /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var	   volume02
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01

#进入 新建的容器 创建一个txt ,测试是否数据同步
[root@5c039dbbdce9 /]# cd volume01
[root@5c039dbbdce9 volume01]# touch controller.txt
[root@5c039dbbdce9 volume01]# exit

#查看容器信息
[root@localhost volumes]# docker inspect 5c039dbbdce9
[
    {
        "Id": "5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0",
        "Created": "2021-03-01T12:30:19.691745796Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-03-01T12:30:20.051950488Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-03-01T12:35:24.418866002Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:006a24864b5b1cc76c64aade84ea5175cf8e92020b6d09f7760343c9da56f86a",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0/5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0-json.log",
        "Name": "/fervent_ardinghelli",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/794eb5f4aae4619a66167528d17a82ca04d776563f84442c753b6fb6d413041c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3efff6b907dcb3da9be0cbc7ba90df5a44c4840ca26d46faeab7aa1aa9b0b433/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/794eb5f4aae4619a66167528d17a82ca04d776563f84442c753b6fb6d413041c/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/794eb5f4aae4619a66167528d17a82ca04d776563f84442c753b6fb6d413041c/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/794eb5f4aae4619a66167528d17a82ca04d776563f84442c753b6fb6d413041c/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "90e784b99f887388a753f90701a9bd3440c64eaf915f3d5f7c7cb338af7fbd10",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/90e784b99f887388a753f90701a9bd3440c64eaf915f3d5f7c7cb338af7fbd10/_data",
                "Destination": "volume01",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            },
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "7ddd200bfab2e4b4e240475d5aaf7d6fc507de2c7f993a7cccccc1bc15c28dec",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/7ddd200bfab2e4b4e240475d5aaf7d6fc507de2c7f993a7cccccc1bc15c28dec/_data",
                "Destination": "volume02",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "5c039dbbdce9",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "006a24864b5b",
            "Volumes": {
                "volume01": {},
                "volume02": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "3e2c3eb0ab443678fc9a72b48cfb131d9cca6acdb2ed0d6355deb45866d514aa",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/3e2c3eb0ab44",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "1fc5103aeb1133b747d30d9efc566cca7c0ce9a27cba8ccb279ee2fa100d224e",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

可以看到 匿名挂载已经成功

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_linux_03

#进入该目录下 可以看到数据同步成功

[root@localhost volumes]# clear
[root@localhost volumes]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/90e784b99f887388a753f90701a9bd3440c64eaf915f3d5f7c7cb338af7fbd10/_data
[root@localhost _data]# ls
controller.txt
[root@localhost _data]#

数据卷容器

多个容器同步数据：

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_数据_04

#启动父容器 也就是数据卷容器
[root@localhost _data]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
kelecc/centos                                   1.0       006a24864b5b   30 hours ago    209MB
kelecc/centos                                   latest    006a24864b5b   30 hours ago    209MB
/kelecc/kele   1.1       006a24864b5b   30 hours ago    209MB
mysql                                           5.7       a70d36bc331a   5 weeks ago     449MB
nginx                                           latest    f6d0b4767a6c   6 weeks ago     133MB
centos                                          latest    300e315adb2f   2 months ago    209MB
hello-world                                     1.1       bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB
hello-world                                     latest    bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost _data]# docker run -it --name centos01 kelecc/centos:1.0
[root@26579f0654ed /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var	   volume02
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01
#ctrl+p+q 退出当前容器 保持运行容器 
[root@26579f0654ed /]# Unsupported signal: <nil>. Discarding.
[root@localhost _data]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
26579f0654ed   kelecc/centos:1.0   "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute                                       centos01
[root@localhost _data]#
#启动子容器 继承父容器的数据卷
[root@localhost _data]# docker run -it --name centos02 --volumes-from centos01 kelecc/centos:1.0
#可以看到  ["volume01","volume02"] 数据卷已经同步过来
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var	   volume02
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01
#ctrl+p+q 退出并运行容器  
# docker attch  进入当前运行的容器 centos
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb /]# [root@localhost _data]# docker attach 26579f0654ed
[root@26579f0654ed /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var	   volume02
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01
#打开 volume01 文件夹 创建 一个txt
[root@26579f0654ed /]# cd volume01
[root@26579f0654ed volume01]# ls
[root@26579f0654ed volume01]# touch centos01.txt
[root@26579f0654ed volume01]# ls
centos01.txt
[root@26579f0654ed volume01]# read escape sequence

#ctrl+p+q 退出并运行容器  
# docker attch  进入当前运行的容器 centos
[root@localhost _data]# docker attach c3a5d5ec65fb
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var	   volume02
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb /]# cd volume01
#这里我们可以发现数据已经同步过来了
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb volume01]# ls
centos01.txt
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb volume01]#

top：小提示，删除 centos 01 的文件之后， centos 的文件依然可以访问， 这里面是一个虚拟文件系统挂载，挂载到一个路径！！！

#多个mysql同步数据
[root@localhost home]docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/grkj/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/grkj/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root  --name mysql01 mysql:5.7

[root@localhost home]docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/grkj/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/grkj/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root  --name mysql02 --volumes-from mysql01  mysql:5.7

#这个时候，可以实现两个容器数据同步！

总结：容器之间配置信息的传递，数据卷容器的生命周期一直持续到没有容器使用为止！！！

但是一旦你持久化到本地，这个时候，本地的数据是不会删除的 ！！！

Docker file

docker file 是用来构建 docker镜像的文件，命令参数脚本！

构建步骤！

  1. 编写一个docker file 文件
  2. docker build 构建成为一个镜像
  3. docker run 运行镜像
  4. docker push 发布镜像

查看官方是怎么构建的

官方地址：https:///_/centos

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_linux_05

我们可以看到 github 上面 dockerfile 这些指令

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_数据_06

很多官方镜像都是基础包，很多功能没有，我们通常会自己搭自己的镜像！

DockerFile 构建过程

基础知识：

  1. 每个保留字关键字（指令）都是必须是大写字母
  2. 执行从上到下顺序执行
  3. #表示注释
  4. 每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层，并提交

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_linux_07

docker file 是面向开发的，那我们以后要发布项目，做镜像，就需要编写 docker file 文件，这个文件是否简单！

docker file :构建文件，定义了一切的步骤，源代码

dockerImages: 通过DockerFile 构建生成的镜像，最终发布和运行的产品

docker容器： 容器就是镜像运行起来提供服务器

DockerFile 的指令

FROM              #基础镜像，一切从这里开始构建
MAINTAINER        #镜像是谁写的，姓名+邮箱
RUN               #镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD               #步骤： tomcat 镜像 这个tomcat压缩包！ 添加内容
WORKDIR           #镜像的工作目录
VOLUME            #挂载的目录
EXPOSE			  #保留端口配置  相当于  docker里面的指令  -p
CMD				  #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令,只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT        #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令,可以追加命令
ONBUILD           #当构建一个被继承 DockerFile 这个时候就会运行 OBUILD 的指令，触发指定
COPY              #类似ADD ,将我们文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV               #构建的时候设置环境变量！

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_centos_08

自定义一个 centos镜像

Docker hub 中99%镜像都是从这个镜像过来的 FROM scratch ,然后配置需要的软件和配置来进行的构建

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_docker_09

创建一个 centos

FROM centos
MAINTAINER kelecc<770149701@>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yun -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "----end----"

CMD ["/bin/bash"]

#开始构建
[root@localhost grkj]# vim myDockerFile-centos
[root@localhost grkj]# cat myDockerFile-centos
FROM centos
MAINTAINER kelecc<770149701@>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "----end----"

CMD /bin/bash

#构建镜像  结尾有 个 【.】  这个很重要
[root@localhost grkj]# docker build -f myDockerFile-centos -t mycentos:2.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  207.2MB
Step 1/10 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER kelecc<770149701@>
 ---> Using cache
 ---> b284ad2d3c26
Step 3/10 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Using cache
 ---> cc219c7e22dd
Step 4/10 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> Using cache
 ---> fb746bb2482a
Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install vim
 ---> Running in c0b8f57ff1cd
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      1.7 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:03    
CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS                         504 kB/s | 2.3 MB     00:04    
CentOS Linux 8 - Extras                         3.1 kB/s | 9.0 kB     00:02    
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Mon Mar  1 14:23:40 2021.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
 gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-15.el8             appstream       39 k
 vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      6.3 M
 vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream       48 k
 which               x86_64      2.21-12.el8               baseos          49 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages

Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 30 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm        312 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00    
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch.rp 606 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00    
(3/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm  1.6 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:00    
(4/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm    1.8 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:03    
(5/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm             9.3 kB/s |  49 kB     00:05    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           844 kB/s | 7.8 MB     00:09     
warning: /var/cache/dnf/appstream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00    
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
 Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               1/5 
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                2/5 
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    3/5 
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    5/5 
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          1/5 
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    2/5 
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  3/5 
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                4/5 
  Verifying        : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               5/5 

Installed:
  gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64    
  vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch
  which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64             

Complete!
Removing intermediate container c0b8f57ff1cd
 ---> 22f5df8ebf2d
Step 6/10 : RUN yum -y install net-tools
 ---> Running in 4514c605be68
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:17 ago on Mon Mar  1 14:23:40 2021.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package         Architecture Version                        Repository    Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 net-tools       x86_64       2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8       baseos       322 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 322 k
Installed size: 942 k
Downloading Packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm   603 kB/s | 322 kB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           322 kB/s | 322 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Verifying        : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 

Installed:
  net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64                                     

Complete!
Removing intermediate container 4514c605be68
 ---> 2a8485ded39b
Step 7/10 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Running in f5d7ba1eb1ed
Removing intermediate container f5d7ba1eb1ed
 ---> b8f330154e88
Step 8/10 : CMD echo $MYPATH
 ---> Running in db3a63473535
Removing intermediate container db3a63473535
 ---> b87d77efb0ae
Step 9/10 : CMD echo "----end----"
 ---> Running in fdea3e39ca30
Removing intermediate container fdea3e39ca30
 ---> 7da6ea558318
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in 674ee6bb3970
Removing intermediate container 674ee6bb3970
 ---> bf128d87affe
Successfully built bf128d87affe
Successfully tagged mycentos:2.0

#构建成功 查看镜像
[root@localhost grkj]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mycentos      2.0       bf128d87affe   4 minutes ago   291MB

[root@localhost grkj]#

查看官方镜像如何生成

[root@localhost grkj]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mycentos                                        2.0       bf128d87affe   9 minutes ago   291MB
kelecc/centos                                   1.0       006a24864b5b   31 hours ago    209MB
kelecc/centos                                   latest    006a24864b5b   31 hours ago    209MB
/kelecc/kele   1.1       006a24864b5b   31 hours ago    209MB
mysql                                           5.7       a70d36bc331a   5 weeks ago     449MB
nginx                                           latest    f6d0b4767a6c   6 weeks ago     133MB
centos                                          latest    300e315adb2f   2 months ago    209MB
hello-world                                     1.1       bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB
hello-world                                     latest    bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost grkj]# docker history a70d36bc331a
IMAGE          CREATED       CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
a70d36bc331a   5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["mysqld"]               0B        
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 3306 33060            0B        
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry…   0B        
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entryp…   34B       
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:a209112a748b68e0…   13.1kB    
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  VOLUME [/var/lib/mysql]      0B        
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c {   echo mysql-community-server m…   313MB     
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c echo 'deb http://repo.mysql.com/a…   55B       
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.33-…   0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7          0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c set -ex;  key='A4A9406876FCBD3C45…   2.61kB    
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install…   52.2MB    
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d    0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c set -eux;  savedAptMark="$(apt-ma…   4.17MB    
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV GOSU_VERSION=1.12        0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install…   9.34MB    
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -…   329kB     
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                 0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:422aca8901ae3d869…   69.2MB    
[root@localhost grkj]# a70d36bc331a

构建TomCat镜像

1，准备镜像文件 tomcat 压缩包，jdk的压缩包！

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_数据_10

2，编写 DockerFile 文件 官方命名 DockerFile

FROM centos
MAINTAINER kelecc<770149701@>

ADD jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.63.tar.gz /usr/local

RUN yum -y install vim 

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_161
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

EXPOSE 8080

CMD  /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63/logs/catalina.out

3，构建镜像

[root@localhost grkj]docker build -t tomcat8.5:1.0 .

4, 启动镜像 ,挂载文件

-d      #后台运行
-p      #绑定端口
--name  #镜像名称
-v      #挂载数据卷

[root@localhost grkj]docker run -d -p 8080:8080 -v /home/grkj/tomcat8.5/webpps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63/webapps -v /home/grkj/tomcat8.5/logs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63/logs --name tomcat8.5 tomcat8.5

发布镜像到 Docker hub

1.地址：https:/// 注册自己的账号！

2，在我们的服务器上提交自己的镜像

[root@localhost volumes]# docker login --help

Usage:  docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]

Log in to a Docker registry.
If no server is specified, the default is defined by the daemon.

Options:
  -p, --password string   Password
      --password-stdin    Take the password from stdin
  -u, --username string   Username
[root@localhost volumes]# docker login -u xxxx -p xxxx
WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin.
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

[root@localhost volumes]# docker pull keleyo/kelecc/hello-world:1.1

发布镜像到阿里云容器镜像服务

创建命名空间

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_centos_11

创建镜像仓库

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_centos_12

帮助文档。push镜像所有步骤

点击仓库名称进入 帮助文档

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_docker_13

docker 已经关掉的容器怎么查看文件 docker容器删除后数据还在吗_数据_14