Spring Security是针对Spring项目的安全框架,也是Spring Boot底层安全模块默认的技术选型。他可以实现强大的web安全控制。对于安全控制,我们仅需引入spring-boot-starter-security模块,进行少量的配置,即可实现强大的安全管理。
- ·应用程序的两个主要区域是“认证"和“授权”(或者访问控制)。这两个主要区域是Spring Security的两个目标。
- ·“认证"(Authentication),是建立一个他声明的主体的过程(一个“主体”一般是指用户,设备或一些可以在你的应用程序中执行动作的其他系统)。
- ·“授权”(Authorization)指确定一个主体是否允许在你的应用程序执行一个动作的过程。为了抵达需要授权的店,主体的身份已经有认证过程建立。
- ·这个概念是通用的而不只在Spring Security中。
1.登录&认证&授权
1. 引入SpringSecurity
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
2. 编写springsecurity的配置类
@EnableWebSecurity extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
3. 控制请求的访问权限
package com.zx.security.config;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
@EnableWebSecurity
public class MySecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//super.configure(http);
//定制请求的授权规则
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("VIP1")
.antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("VIP2")
.antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("VIP3");
//开启自动配置的登录功能
//效果:如果没有登陆,没有权限就会来到登陆页面
http.formLogin();
//1./login 来到登录页
//2.重定向到/login?error表示登陆失败
//3.更多详细规定
}
//定义认证规则
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
//super.configure(auth);
/**java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: There is no PasswordEncoder mapped for the id "null"
* Spring boot 2.0.3引用的security 依赖是 spring security 5.X版本,
* 此版本需要提供一个PasswordEncorder的实例,否则后台汇报错误
*/
// auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
// .withUser("zhangsan").password("123456").roles("VIP1","VIP2")
// .and()
// .withUser("lisi").password("123456").roles("VIP2","VIP3");
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.passwordEncoder(new MyPasswordEncoder())
.withUser("zhangsan").password("123456").roles("VIP1","VIP2")
.and()
.withUser("lisi").password("123456").roles("VIP2","VIP3");
}
}
访问login登录报错:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: There is no PasswordEncoder mapped for the id "null"
解决方法:
这是因为Spring boot 2.0.3引用的security 依赖是 spring security 5.X版本,此版本需要提供一个PasswordEncorder的实例,否则后台汇报错误:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: There is no PasswordEncoder mapped for the id "null"
并且页面毫无响应。
因此,需要创建PasswordEncorder的实现类。
之后即可登录按权限访问
package com.zx.security.config;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
public class MyPasswordEncoder implements PasswordEncoder {
@Override
public String encode(CharSequence charSequence) {
return charSequence.toString();
}
@Override
public boolean matches(CharSequence charSequence, String s) {
return s.equals(charSequence.toString());
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">欢迎光临武林秘籍管理系统</h1>
<h2 align="center">游客您好,如果想查看武林秘籍 <a th:href="@{/login}">请登录</a></h2>
<hr>
<h3>普通武功秘籍</h3>
<ul>
<li><a th:href="@{/level1/1}">罗汉拳</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level1/2}">武当长拳</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level1/3}">全真剑法</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>高级武功秘籍</h3>
<ul>
<li><a th:href="@{/level2/1}">太极拳</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level2/2}">七伤拳</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level2/3}">梯云纵</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>绝世武功秘籍</h3>
<ul>
<li><a th:href="@{/level3/1}">葵花宝典</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level3/2}">龟派气功</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level3/3}">独孤九剑</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
2.权限控制&注销
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5</artifactId>
</dependency>
package com.zx.security.config;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
@EnableWebSecurity
public class MySecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//super.configure(http);
//定制请求的授权规则
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("VIP1")
.antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("VIP2")
.antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("VIP3");
//开启自动配置的登录功能
//效果:如果没有登陆,没有权限就会来到登陆页面
http.formLogin();
//1./login 来到登录页
//2.重定向到/login?error表示登陆失败
//3.更多详细规定
//开启自动配置的注销功能
//http.logout();
//1.访问/logout 表示用户注销,清空session
//2. 注销成功会返回 /login?logout
//注销成功以后来到首页
http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/");
}
//定义认证规则
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
//super.configure(auth);
/**java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: There is no PasswordEncoder mapped for the id "null"
* Spring boot 2.0.3引用的security 依赖是 spring security 5.X版本,
* 此版本需要提供一个PasswordEncorder的实例,否则后台汇报错误
*/
// auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
// .withUser("zhangsan").password("123456").roles("VIP1","VIP2")
// .and()
// .withUser("lisi").password("123456").roles("VIP2","VIP3");
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.passwordEncoder(new MyPasswordEncoder())
.withUser("zhangsan").password("123456").roles("VIP1","VIP2")
.and()
.withUser("lisi").password("123456").roles("VIP2","VIP3");
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">欢迎光临武林秘籍管理系统</h1>
<div sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()">
<h2 align="center">游客您好,如果想查看武林秘籍 <a th:href="@{/login}">请登录</a></h2>
</div>
<div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
<h2>
<span sec:authentication="name"></span>,您好,您的角色有:
<span sec:authentication="principal.authorities"></span>
</h2>
<form th:action="@{/logout}" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="注销">
</form>
</div>
<hr>
<div sec:authorize="hasRole('VIP1')">
<h3>普通武功秘籍</h3>
<ul>
<li><a th:href="@{/level1/1}">罗汉拳</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level1/2}">武当长拳</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level1/3}">全真剑法</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div sec:authorize="hasRole('VIP2')">
<h3>高级武功秘籍</h3>
<ul>
<li><a th:href="@{/level2/1}">太极拳</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level2/2}">七伤拳</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level2/3}">梯云纵</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div sec:authorize="hasRole('VIP3')">
<h3>绝世武功秘籍</h3>
<ul>
<li><a th:href="@{/level3/1}">葵花宝典</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level3/2}">龟派气功</a></li>
<li><a th:href="@{/level3/3}">独孤九剑</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
3. 记住我&定制登录页
//开启记住我功能
http.rememberMe();
//登陆成功以后将cookie发给浏览器保存
//以后访问也页面带上这个cookie,只要通过检查就可以免登录
//点击注销会删除cookie
package com.zx.security.config;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
@EnableWebSecurity
public class MySecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//super.configure(http);
//定制请求的授权规则
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("VIP1")
.antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("VIP2")
.antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("VIP3");
//开启自动配置的登录功能
//效果:如果没有登陆,没有权限就会来到登陆页面
//http.formLogin();
//1./login 来到登录页
//2.重定向到/login?error表示登陆失败
//3.更多详细规定
//改为自己的登录页面
http.formLogin().usernameParameter("user").passwordParameter("pwd").loginPage("/userlogin");
//4.默认post形式的/login代表处理登录
//5.一旦定制loginpage 那么loginpage的post请求就是登录
//开启自动配置的注销功能
//http.logout();
//1.访问/logout 表示用户注销,清空session
//2. 注销成功会返回 /login?logout
//注销成功以后来到首页
http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/");
//开启记住我功能
//http.rememberMe();
//登陆成功以后将cookie发给浏览器保存
//以后访问也页面带上这个cookie,只要通过检查就可以免登录
//点击注销会删除cookie
http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("remember");
}
//定义认证规则
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
//super.configure(auth);
/**java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: There is no PasswordEncoder mapped for the id "null"
* Spring boot 2.0.3引用的security 依赖是 spring security 5.X版本,
* 此版本需要提供一个PasswordEncorder的实例,否则后台汇报错误
*/
// auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
// .withUser("zhangsan").password("123456").roles("VIP1","VIP2")
// .and()
// .withUser("lisi").password("123456").roles("VIP2","VIP3");
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.passwordEncoder(new MyPasswordEncoder())
.withUser("zhangsan").password("123456").roles("VIP1","VIP2")
.and()
.withUser("lisi").password("123456").roles("VIP2","VIP3");
}
}