一、什么是抽象类

与java一样,python也有抽象类的概念但是同样需要借助模块实现,抽象类是一个特殊的类,它的特殊之处在于只能被继承,不能被实例化

 二、抽象类与普通类的不同

抽象类中只能有抽象方法(没有实现功能),该类不能被实例化,只能被继承,且子类必须实现抽象方法。

  三、在python中利用abc模块实现抽象类,示例代码如下:

1 import abc
 2 
 3 
 4 class Animal(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 5     @abc.abstractmethod
 6     def run(self):
 7         pass
 8 
 9     @abc.abstractmethod
10     def eat(self):
11         pass
12 
13 
14 class People(Animal):
15     # def run(self):
16     #     print('is running')
17     #
18     # def eat(self):
19     #     print('is eating')
20     pass
21 
22 
23 class Pig(Animal):
24     def run(self):
25         print('is running')
26 
27     def eat(self):
28         print('is eating')
29 
30 
31 class Dog(Animal):
32     def run(self):
33         print('is running')
34 
35     def eat(self):
36         print('is eating')
37 
38 
39 peo1 = People()
40 pig1 = Pig()
41 dog1 = Dog()
42 peo1.eat()
43 pig1.eat()
44 dog1.eat()
45 
46 结果为:
47 Traceback (most recent call last):
48   File "C:/Users/xudachen/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象/14 抽象类.py", line 39, in <module>
49     peo1 = People()
50 TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class People with abstract methods eat, run

报错原因为子类没有是实现抽象类功能,