1.查看当前服务器时区&列出时区并设置时区:


# timedatectl
# timedatectl list-timezones
# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai


2.时间时区概念理解:

GMT、UTC、CST、DST

UTC:

整个地球分为二十四时区,每个时区都有自己的本地时间,在国际无线电通信场合,为了统一起见,使用一个统一的时间,称为通用协调时(UTC:Universal Time Coordinated)。

GMT:

格林威治标准时间 (Greenwich Mean Time)指位于英国伦敦郊区的皇家格林尼治天文台的标准时间,因为本初子午线被定义在通过那里的经线(UTC与GMT时间基本相同)。

CST:

中国标准时间 (China Standard Time)

GMT + 8 = UTC + 8 = CST

DST:

夏令时(Daylight Saving Time) 指在夏天太阳升起的比较早时,将时间拨快一小时,以提早日光的使用(中国不使用)。

2.使用 NTP 公共时间服务器池(NTP Public Pool Time Servers)http://www.pool.ntp.org 同步你的服务器时间。

查看是否安装:


# rpm -q ntp
ntp-4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.2.x86_64


如已安装请略过此步,否则请执行以下命令安装:

# yum install ntpdate ntp -y


修改NTP配置:

注:绿色为原有我注释掉的内容,红色为新增代替之前注释内容,其他默认。


# vim /etc/ntp.conf
# For more information about this file, see the man pages
# ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5).

driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift

#新增:日志目录.
logfile /var/log/ntpd.log

# Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not
# permit the source to query or modify the service on this system.
restrict default nomodify notrap nopeer noquery

# Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could
# be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of
# the administrative functions.
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict ::1
#这一行的含义是授权172.16.128.0网段上的所有机器可以从这台机器上查询和同步时间.
restrict 172.16.128.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap

# Hosts on local network are less restricted.
#restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap

# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).

#server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
#server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
#server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
#server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

#新增:时间服务器列表.
server 0.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst

#新增:当外部时间不可用时,使用本地时间.
server 172.16.128.171 iburst
fudge 127.0.0.1 stratum 10

#broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server
#broadcastclient # broadcast client
#broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server
#multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client
#manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server
#manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client

#新增:允许上层时间服务器主动修改本机时间.
restrict 0.cn.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery
restrict 1.cn.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery
restrict 2.cn.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery

# Enable public key cryptography.
#crypto

includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw

# Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating
# with symmetric key cryptography.
keys /etc/ntp/keys

# Specify the key identifiers which are trusted.
#trustedkey 4 8 42

# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility.
#requestkey 8

# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility.
#controlkey 8

# Enable writing of statistics records.
#statistics clockstats cryptostats loopstats peerstats

# Disable the monitoring facility to prevent amplification attacks using ntpdc
# monlist command when default restrict does not include the noquery flag. See
# CVE-2013-5211 for more details.
# Note: Monitoring will not be disabled with the limited restriction flag.
disable monitor


3.设置系统开机自启动:


# systemctl enable ntpd
# systemctl enable ntpdate
# systemctl is-enabled ntpd


在ntpd服务启动时,先使用ntpdate命令同步时间:


# ntpdate -u 1.cn.pool.ntp.org


原因之一:当服务端与客户端之间的时间误差过大时,此时修改时间可能对系统或应用带来不可预知问题,NTP会停止时间同步。若检查NTP启动后时间未同步时,应考虑可能是时间误差过大所致,此时需要先手动进行时间同步。

启动NTP服务器:


# systemctl start ntpdate
# systemctl start ntpd


4.加入防火墙:


# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ntp
# firewall-cmd --reload


5.查看ntp连接状态如果没有问题,将正确时间写入硬件:


# ss -tlunp | grep ntp
# ntpq -p
# hwclock -w


5.1.系统时间与硬件时间

硬件时间:

RTC(Real-Time Clock)或CMOS时间,一般在主板上靠电池供电,服务器断电后也会继续运行。仅保存日期时间数值,无法保存时区和夏令时设置。

系统时间:

一般在服务器启动时复制RTC时间,之后独立运行,保存了时间、时区和夏令时设置。

6.客户端:

以服务进程方式实时同步(需安装NTP):


# vim /etc/ntp.conf
server 172.16.128.171


重要:修改任意节点服务器的NTP配置文件都需要重起ntpd服务:


# systemctl restart ntpd


以crontab任务计划同步时间(需安装ntpdate,每天24点更新同步时间):


# crontab -e
0 0 * * * /usr/sbin/sntp -P no -r 172.16.128.171;hwclock -w