iOS是一个封闭的系统,应用之间是不可以互相读取文件的。

实现途径:
URL Scheme是苹果为方便app之间互相调用而设计的。

  • 你可以通过一个类似URL的链接,通过系统的OpenURL来唤起该App,并可以传递一些参数。
  • 要求:每个URL必须能唯一标识一个App,如果你设置的URL与别的APP的URL冲突,此时,你的APP不一定会被调用起来。

例如:下列常用URL Scheme

//微信URLscheme
@"weixin://app/%@/pay/?nonceStr=%@&package=Sign%%3DWXPay&partnerId=%@&prepayId=%@&timeStamp=%@&sign=%@&signType=SHA1"

//高德地图
@"iosamap://path?sourceApplication=ApplicationName&sid=BGVIS1&slat=%f&slon=%f&sname=当前位置&did=BGVIS2&dlat=%f&dlon=%f&dname=%@&dev=0&m=0&t=0"

//百度地图
@"baidumap://map/direction?origin=%f,%f&destination=latlng:%f,%f|name=%@&mode=driving&coord_type=gcj02"

//腾讯地图
@"qqmap://map/routeplan?from=当前位置&fromcoord=%f,%f&type=drive&tocoord=%f,%f&to=%@&coord_type=1&policy=0"



[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"]];  //唤起浏览器 打开网页
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"sms://158********"]];  //唤起发送信心功能
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"tel://158********"]];  //唤起拔打电话功能
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"mailto://362****@qq.com"]];  //唤起邮件功能


实例教学: App1 唤起 App2
创建两个app: App1唤起方 App2接收方

APP2_接收方需要做的事情:

(1)设置URL Scheme

  1. 第一种方法:info.plist
  • URL Schemes:唯一性
  • URL identifier:可以是任何值,但建议用“反域名”(例如 “com.fcplayer.testHello”)

配置URL Schemes_infoplist.png

  1. 第二种方法: Target—>Info—>URL Types
  • URL Schemes:唯一性
  • identifier:可以是任何值,但建议用“反域名”(例如 “com.fcplayer.testHello”)

配置URL Schemes_info.png

(2) 在AppDelegate.m里面增加回调方法

#pragma mark --回调方法
/// iOS 9.0+
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)app openURL:(NSURL *)url options:(NSDictionary<UIApplicationOpenURLOptionsKey,id> *)options
{
    // Keys for application:openURL:options:
    UIApplicationOpenURLOptionsSourceApplicationKey // value is an NSString containing the bundle ID of the originating application
    UIApplicationOpenURLOptionsAnnotationKey // value is a property-list typed object corresponding to what the originating application passed in UIDocumentInteractionController's annotation property
    UIApplicationOpenURLOptionsOpenInPlaceKey  // value is a bool NSNumber, set to YES if the file needs to be copied before use

}


/// iOS 2.0–9.0
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application handleOpenURL:(NSURL *)url
{
    NSLog(@"URL scheme:%@", [url scheme]);
    NSLog(@"URL query: %@", [url query]);
}


/// iOS 4.2–9.0
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application openURL:(NSURL *)url sourceApplication:(NSString *)sourceApplication annotation:(id)annotation
{
    //通过sourceApplication来判断来自哪个app以决定要不要唤醒自己的app
    if ([sourceApplication isEqualToString:@"Bundle identifier"])
    {
        NSLog(@"%@", sourceApplication);    //来源于哪个app(Bundle identifier)
        NSLog(@"scheme:%@", [url scheme]);  //url scheme
        NSLog(@"query: %@", [url query]);   //可以通过[url query]来获得查询串  (传递参数)
        return YES;
    }
    else{
        return NO;
    }
}

APP1_唤起方需要做的事情:

1.唤起方法:

唤起方直接在点击事件里调用唤起方法:

/// 三个方法:

/// iOS 3.0+
- (BOOL)canOpenURL:(NSURL *)url;

/// iOS 10.0+
- (void)openURL:(NSURL *)url options:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)options completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL success))completion;

/// iOS 2.0–10.0
- (BOOL)openURL:(NSURL *)url;



//e.g. 唤起第三方App
- (void)evokeOtherApp {
    //app2是应用的唯一的scheme
    //scheme 必须是“app2://lanch” “weixin://app”类似的格式:
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"app2://lanch?key=param"];

    if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:url]) {


        if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication] respondsToSelector:@selector(openURL:options:completionHandler:)]) {
            //iOS 10.0+
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url options:@{} completionHandler:^(BOOL success) {
            }];
        }else{
            //iOS 2~10
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];
        }
    }
    else
    {
        //一般是没有安装
        NSLog(@"跳转下载app链接");
    }
}

2.sheme设置

如果你是iOS 9.0以上的系统,有时候会报错:

2017-01-05 11:06:24.343 APP1[235:48284] -canOpenURL: failed for URL: "app2://lanch?key=param" - error: "This app is not allowed to query for scheme app2"

因为:iOS 9.0以上的系统需要在“Info.plist”中将要使用的URL Schemes列为白名单,才可正常检查唤起的第三方应用是否安装。受此影响,当你的应用在iOS 9中需要使用 QQ/QQ空间/支付宝/微信SDK 的相关能力时,需要在“Info.plist”里增加白名单:

key>LSApplicationQueriesSchemes</key>
 <array>
    <!-- 微信 URL Scheme 白名单-->
    <string>wechat</string>
    <string>weixin</string>

    <!-- 新浪微博 URL Scheme 白名单-->
    <string>sinaweibohd</string>
    <string>sinaweibo</string>
    <string>sinaweibosso</string>
    <string>weibosdk</string>
    <string>weibosdk2.5</string>

    <!-- QQ、Qzone URL Scheme 白名单-->
    <string>mqqapi</string>
    <string>mqq</string>
    <string>mqqOpensdkSSoLogin</string>
    <string>mqqconnect</string>
    <string>mqqopensdkdataline</string>
    <string>mqqopensdkgrouptribeshare</string>
    <string>mqqopensdkfriend</string>
    <string>mqqopensdkapi</string>
    <string>mqqopensdkapiV2</string>
    <string>mqqopensdkapiV3</string>
    <string>mqzoneopensdk</string>
    <string>wtloginmqq</string>
    <string>wtloginmqq2</string>
    <string>mqqwpa</string>
    <string>mqzone</string>
    <string>mqzonev2</string>
    <string>mqzoneshare</string>
    <string>wtloginqzone</string>
    <string>mqzonewx</string>
    <string>mqzoneopensdkapiV2</string>
    <string>mqzoneopensdkapi19</string>
    <string>mqzoneopensdkapi</string>
    <string>mqzoneopensdk</string>

    <!-- 支付宝  URL Scheme 白名单-->
    <string>alipay</string>
    <string>alipayshare</string>

</array>

解决方案:

(1)在Info.plist里,配置支持http协议:

<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
    <dict>
        <key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
        <true/>
    </dict>
`

(2)在Info.plist里,配置scheme到LSApplicationQueriesSchemes,也就是白名单:

<key>LSApplicationQueriesSchemes</key>
    <array>
        <string>app2</string>
        <string>app3</string>
        <string>app4</string>
    </array>

(3)延伸...?

// 代码动态把key加入白名单(不可行)
            var info = Bundle.main.infoDictionary
            guard var array:[Any] = info?["LSApplicationQueriesSchemes"] as? [Any] else {return}
            array.append(iosKey)
            print(array)
            var info2 = Bundle.main.infoDictionary
            print(info2)

跳转app_sheme设置.png

3.没有安装的处理

控制台输出错误:

2017-01-05 11:22:30.741 APP1[252:51626] -canOpenURL: failed for URL: "app3://lanch?key=param" - error: "(null)"
2017-01-05 11:22:30.746 APP1[252:51626] -canOpenURL: failed for URL: "app3://lanch?key=param" - error: "(null)"
2017-01-05 11:22:30.746 APP1[252:51626] [[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:url] = 0

一般是没有安装App,可以跳转下载链接。

Demo下载地址:
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1kViBtS7 密码: kvid

或者:https://github.com/mrhyh/arouse