一、商品详情页功能
1、viewsets实现商品详情页接口
商品详情页,需要加上mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,因为路由为/goods/id/,因此在之前商品列表页视图中继承详情页类。代码逻辑为:
class GoodsListViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
"""
商品列表页 分页 搜索 过滤 排序
"""
queryset = Goods.objects.all()
serializer_class = GoodsSerializer
pagination_class = GoodsSetPagination
filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend,filters.SearchFilter,filters.OrderingFilter]
#这是精确搜索过滤,我们需要的是模糊搜索
# filterset_fields = ['name', 'shop_price']
filter_class = GoodsFilter
search_fields = ("name","goods_brief","goods_desc")
ordering_fields = ("shop_price","sold_num","add_time")
goods/serializers.py中的逻辑为:
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Goods,GoodsCategory,GoodsImage
class GoodsImageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = GoodsImage
fields = ("image",)
class GoodsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""
在这里可以利用新写的字段来覆盖已有字段
"""
category = GoodsCategorySerializer() #在这里实例化外键的序列化器,就可以完成
images = GoodsImageSerializer(many=True) #名字一定要和related_name="images"中的名字一样
class Meta:
model = Goods #指明model
#fields = ['category', 'goods_sn', 'name', 'click_num','sold_num','fav_num','add_time'] #指明字段
fields = "__all__" #将全部字段显示出来
这样商品的详情页就完成啦。
2、热卖商品接口实现
数据的模型类中有is_hot这个字段,因此过滤商品的时候我们应该加上is_hot字段。前端的逻辑中,有这个is_hot的条件,因此在过滤器中加上过滤字段为:
import django_filters
from django.db.models import Q
from .models import Goods
class GoodsFilter(django_filters.rest_framework.FilterSet):
"""
商品过滤器
"""
pricemin = django_filters.NumberFilter(field_name="shop_price",lookup_expr="gte")
pricemax = django_filters.NumberFilter(field_name="shop_price", lookup_expr="lte")
name = django_filters.CharFilter(field_name="name", lookup_expr="icontains")
#这里过滤的字段要和前端传过来的字段一样
top_category = django_filters.NumberFilter(method="top_category_filter")
def top_category_filter(self,queryset,name,value):
return queryset.filter(Q(category_id=value)|Q(category__parent_category_id=value)|Q(category__parent_category__parent_category_id=value))
class Meta:
model = Goods
fields = ["pricemin","pricemax","name","top_category","is_hot"]
会发现数据没有热销的,因此我们需要去后台管理系统去修改几条数据展示。修改好之后,验证数据。结果出现热搜啦。
3、用户收藏接口实现
用户收藏,是用户操作的,因此需要到user_operation中的视图中操作:
user_operation/views.py:
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework import viewsets
from rest_framework import mixins
from .models import UserFav
from .serializers import UserFavSerializer
# Create your views here.
#添加一条记录, 获取收藏商品列表的功能 删除一条记录 因此继承
class UserFavViewset(mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
"""
用户收藏功能
"""
queryset = UserFav.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserFavSerializer
user_operaton/serializers.py:
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.validators import UniqueTogetherValidator
from .models import UserFav
class UserFavSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""
用户会收藏同一商品多次,因此这是不合理的 所以利用Django的model来实现这一合理操作(也可以下面自己配置)
"""
user = serializers.HiddenField(
default=serializers.CurrentUserDefault()
)
class Meta:
model = UserFav
validators = [
UniqueTogetherValidator(
queryset=UserFav.objects.all(),
fields=['user', 'goods'],
message="已经收藏"
)
]
fields = ("user","goods","id")
在user_operation/models.py的model---UserFav中的元类中定义联合索引去重:
class UserFav(models.Model):
"""
用户收藏
"""
user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品", help_text="商品id",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = '用户收藏'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
unique_together = ("user", "goods") #数据库联合索引的认证
完成了收藏功能,以及删除功能。
4、DRF的权限验证
因为上面的操作有一定的问题,任何一个人都可以删除数据库中的收藏,因此DRF官方文档中提供了权限认证
user_operation/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework import viewsets
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import JSONWebTokenAuthentication
from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication
from utils.permissions import IsOwnerOrReadOnly
from .models import UserFav
from .serializers import UserFavSerializer
# Create your views here.
#添加一条记录, 获取收藏商品列表的功能 删除一条记录 因此继承
class UserFavViewset(mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
"""
用户收藏功能
"""
# queryset = UserFav.objects.all()
#配置之后,必须登录才能获取相关操作
permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,IsOwnerOrReadOnly)
#因为项目是JWT认证,因此将认证放到具体的认证中,而不是全局设置中
authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication,SessionAuthentication)
serializer_class = UserFavSerializer
lookup_field = "goods_id" #直接可以看商品id查询收藏的,就不用来找收藏的id啦
#我们只能获取当前用户的UserFav,因此我们要重载get_queryset方法
def get_queryset(self):
return UserFav.objects.filter(user=self.request.user)
utils/permissions.py:(DRF官网permissions提供的权限验证)
from rest_framework import permissions
class IsOwnerOrReadOnly(permissions.BasePermission):
"""
Object-level permission to only allow owners of an object to edit it.
Assumes the model instance has an `owner` attribute.
"""
def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
# Read permissions are allowed to any request,
# so we'll always allow GET, HEAD or OPTIONS requests.
if request.method in permissions.SAFE_METHODS:
return True
# Instance must have an attribute named `owner`.
return obj.user == request.user
MxShop/settings.py:
#配置用户认证,将JSONWebTokenAuthentication拿到具体用户操作认证,不然常规的商品列表页都不能访问
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
# 'rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication',
'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication',
]
}
整个用户的收藏以及取消收藏功能开发完成。