python中颜色的含义 python里面颜色

原标题：Python中matplotlib的颜色及线条参数控制示例

Python画图的时候选色选点都可以直接参考这里的内容，matplotlib中有哪些命名颜色可供用于绘图？在matplotlib文档中找到一个列表，声明这些是唯一的名称：

b:blue

g:green

r:red

c:cyan

m:magenta

y:yellow

k:black

w:white

然而，我发现这些颜色也可以使用，至少在这种情况下:

scatter(X,Y, color='red')

scatter(X,Y, color='orange')

scatter(X,Y, color='darkgreen')

有一张图片显示所有标记的名称和描述，我希望它会对你有所帮助。

与matplotlib示例相比，我并没有做太多更改，下面是完整的代码。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import colors as mcolors
colors = dict(mcolors.BASE_COLORS, **mcolors.CSS4_COLORS)
# Sort colors by hue, saturation, value and name.
by_hsv = sorted((tuple(mcolors.rgb_to_hsv(mcolors.to_rgba(color)[:3])), name)
for name, color in colors.items())
sorted_names = [name for hsv, name in by_hsv]
n = len(sorted_names)
ncols = 4
nrows = n // ncols
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 10))
# Get height and width
X, Y = fig.get_dpi() * fig.get_size_inches()
h = Y / (nrows + 1)
w = X / ncols
for i, name in enumerate(sorted_names):
row = i % nrows
col = i // nrows
y = Y - (row * h) - h
xi_line = w * (col + 0.05)
xf_line = w * (col + 0.25)
xi_text = w * (col + 0.3)
ax.text(xi_text, y, name, fontsize=(h * 0.8),
horizontalalignment='left',
verticalalignment='center')
ax.hlines(y + h * 0.1, xi_line, xf_line,
color=colors[name], linewidth=(h * 0.8))
ax.set_xlim(0, X)
ax.set_ylim(0, Y)
ax.set_axis_off()
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0, right=1,
top=1, bottom=0,
hspace=0, wspace=0)
plt.show()

如果您想在使用matplotlib绘图时使用其他命名颜色，可以使用xkcd颜色名称，通过'xkcd：'前缀：

plt.plot([1,2], lw=4, c='xkcd:baby poop green')
现在您可以访问大量的命名颜色！
linestyle可选参数：
'-' solid line style
'--' dashed line style
'-.' dash-dot line style
':' dotted line style
marker可选参数：
'.' point marker
',' pixel marker
'o' circle marker
'v' triangle_down marker
'^' triangle_up marker
'<' triangle_left marker
'>' triangle_right marker
'1' tri_down marker
'2' tri_up marker
'3' tri_left marker
'4' tri_right marker
's' square marker
'p' pentagon marker
'*' star marker
'h' hexagon1 marker
'H' hexagon2 marker
'+' plus marker
'x' x marker
'D' diamond marker
'd' thin_diamond marker
'|' vline marker
'_' hline marker
matplotlib中color可用的颜色：
cnames = {'aliceblue':'#F0F8FF',
'antiquewhite':'#FAEBD7',
'aqua':'#00FFFF',
'aquamarine':'#7FFFD4',
'azure':'#F0FFFF',
'beige':'#F5F5DC',
'bisque':'#FFE4C4',
'black':'#000000',
'blanchedalmond':'#FFEBCD',
'blue':'#0000FF',
'blueviolet':'#8A2BE2',
'brown':'#A52A2A',
'burlywood':'#DEB887',
'cadetblue':'#5F9EA0',
'chartreuse':'#7FFF00',
'chocolate':'#D2691E',
'coral':'#FF7F50',
'cornflowerblue':'#6495ED',
'cornsilk':'#FFF8DC',
'crimson':'#DC143C',
'cyan':'#00FFFF',
'darkblue':'#00008B',
'darkcyan':'#008B8B',
'darkgoldenrod':'#B8860B',
'darkgray':'#A9A9A9',
'darkgreen':'#006400',
'darkkhaki':'#BDB76B',
'darkmagenta':'#8B008B',
'darkolivegreen':'#556B2F',
'darkorange':'#FF8C00',
'darkorchid':'#9932CC',
'darkred':'#8B0000',
'darksalmon':'#E9967A',
'darkseagreen':'#8FBC8F',
'darkslateblue':'#483D8B',
'darkslategray':'#2F4F4F',
'darkturquoise':'#00CED1',
'darkviolet':'#9400D3',
'deeppink':'#FF1493',
'deepskyblue':'#00BFFF',
'dimgray':'#696969', 
'dodgerblue':'#1E90FF',
'firebrick':'#B22222',
'floralwhite':'#FFFAF0',
'forestgreen':'#228B22',
'fuchsia':'#FF00FF',
'gainsboro':'#DCDCDC',
'ghostwhite':'#F8F8FF',
'gold':'#FFD700',
'goldenrod':'#DAA520',
'gray':'#808080',
'green':'#008000',
'greenyellow':'#ADFF2F',
'honeydew':'#F0FFF0',
'hotpink':'#FF69B4',
'indianred':'#CD5C5C',
'indigo':'#4B0082',
'ivory':'#FFFFF0',
'khaki':'#F0E68C',
'lavender':'#E6E6FA',
'lavenderblush':'#FFF0F5',
'lawngreen':'#7CFC00',
'lemonchiffon':'#FFFACD',
'lightblue':'#ADD8E6',
'lightcoral':'#F08080',
'lightcyan':'#E0FFFF',
'lightgoldenrodyellow':'#FAFAD2',
'lightgreen':'#90EE90',
'lightgray':'#D3D3D3',
'lightpink':'#FFB6C1',
'lightsalmon':'#FFA07A',
'lightseagreen':'#20B2AA',
'lightskyblue':'#87CEFA',
'lightslategray':'#778899',
'lightsteelblue':'#B0C4DE',
'lightyellow':'#FFFFE0',
'lime':'#00FF00',
'limegreen':'#32CD32',
'linen':'#FAF0E6',
'magenta':'#FF00FF',
'maroon':'#800000',
'mediumaquamarine':'#66CDAA',
'mediumblue':'#0000CD',
'mediumorchid':'#BA55D3',
'mediumpurple':'#9370DB',
'mediumseagreen':'#3CB371',
'mediumslateblue':'#7B68EE',
'mediumspringgreen':'#00FA9A',
'mediumturquoise':'#48D1CC',
'mediumvioletred':'#C71585',
'midnightblue':'#191970',
'mintcream':'#F5FFFA',
'mistyrose':'#FFE4E1',
'moccasin':'#FFE4B5',
'navajowhite':'#FFDEAD',
'navy':'#000080',
'oldlace':'#FDF5E6',
'olive':'#808000',
'olivedrab':'#6B8E23',
'orange':'#FFA500',
'orangered':'#FF4500',
'orchid':'#DA70D6',
'palegoldenrod':'#EEE8AA',
'palegreen':'#98FB98',
'paleturquoise':'#AFEEEE',
'palevioletred':'#DB7093',
'papayawhip':'#FFEFD5',
'peachpuff':'#FFDAB9',
'peru':'#CD853F',
'pink':'#FFC0CB',
'plum':'#DDA0DD',
'powderblue':'#B0E0E6',
'purple':'#800080',
'red':'#FF0000',
'rosybrown':'#BC8F8F',
'royalblue':'#4169E1',
'saddlebrown':'#8B4513',
'salmon':'#FA8072',
'sandybrown':'#FAA460',
'seagreen':'#2E8B57',
'seashell':'#FFF5EE',
'sienna':'#A0522D',
'silver':'#C0C0C0',
'skyblue':'#87CEEB',
'slateblue':'#6A5ACD',
'slategray':'#708090',
'snow':'#FFFAFA',
'springgreen':'#00FF7F',
'steelblue':'#4682B4',
'tan':'#D2B48C',
'teal':'#008080',
'thistle':'#D8BFD8',
'tomato':'#FF6347',
'turquoise':'#40E0D0',
'violet':'#EE82EE',
'wheat':'#F5DEB3',
'white':'#FFFFFF',
'whitesmoke':'#F5F5F5',
'yellow':'#FFFF00',
'yellowgreen':'#9ACD32'}
例子
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.subplots(1, 1)
x= range(100)
y= [i**2 for i in x]
plt.plot(x, y, linewidth = '2', label = 'www.linuxidc.com', color='coral', linestyle=':', marker='d')plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.show()

说明：其实上面color='coral'中，可以换成color='#be03fd'，每两个十六进制数分别代表R、G、B分量：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
xs = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 30)
ys = np.sin(xs)
markers_on = [12, 17, 18, 19]
plt.plot(xs, ys, '-gD', markevery=markers_on)
plt.show()

相关文档及代码可从以下信息得到下载：