从MyBatis代码实现的角度来看,MyBatis的主要的核心部件有以下几个:

SqlSession:作为MyBatis工作的主要顶层API,表示和数据库交互的会话,完成必要数据库增删改查功能;

Executor:MyBatis执行器,是MyBatis 调度的核心,负责SQL语句的生成和查询缓存的维护;

StatementHandler:封装了JDBC Statement操作,,如设置参数、将Statement结果集转换成List集合。

ParameterHandler:负责对用户传递的参数转换成JDBC Statement 所需要的参数;

ResultSetHandler:负责将JDBC返回的ResultSet结果集对象转换成List类型的集合;

TypeHandler:负责java数据类型和jdbc数据类型之间的映射和转换;

MappedStatement:MappedStatement维护了一条< select|update|delete|insert>节点的封装;

SqlSource:负责根据用户传递的parameterObject,动态地生成SQL语句,将信息封装到BoundSql对象中,并返回;

BoundSql:表示动态生成的SQL语句以及相应的参数信息;

Configuration:MyBatis所有的配置信息都维持在Configuration对象之中;

它们的关系如下图所示:


###SqlSession工作过程分析

SqlSession的使用

SqlSession sqlSession = factory.openSession(); 
List<Employee> result = sqlSession.selectList("xxx.selectByMinSalary",params);

//或者借住Mapper
 UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
 User u = mapper.getUserById(1);

让我们来看一下sqlSession.selectList()方法的定义:

public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter) {  
    return this.selectList(statement, parameter, RowBounds.DEFAULT);  
}  
 
public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) {  
    try {  
        //1.根据Statement Id,在mybatis 配置对象Configuration中查找和配置文件相对应的MappedStatement      
        MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);  
        //2. 将查询任务委托给MyBatis 的执行器 Executor  
        List<E> result = executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER);  
        return result;  
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database.  Cause: " + e, e);  
    } finally {  
        ErrorContext.instance().reset();  
    }  
}

MyBatis在初始化的时候,会将MyBatis的配置信息全部加载到内存中,使用org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration实例来维护。使用者可以使用sqlSession.getConfiguration()方法来获取。MyBatis的配置文件中配置信息的组织格式和内存中对象的组织格式几乎完全对应的。

从上述的代码中我们可以看到SqlSession的职能是:SqlSession根据Statement ID, 在mybatis配置对象Configuration中获取到对应的MappedStatement对象,然后调用mybatis执行器来执行具体的操作。


Executor 执行器

MyBatis执行器Executor根据SqlSession传递的参数执行query()方法(由于代码过长,读者只需阅读我注释的地方即可):

/** 
   * BaseExecutor 类部分代码 
   * 
   */  
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
      // 1. 根据具体传入的参数,动态地生成需要执行的SQL语句,用BoundSql对象表示    
      BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameter);  
      // 2. 为当前的查询创建一个缓存Key  
      CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameter, rowBounds, boundSql);  
      return query(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);  
}  
 
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")  
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {  
       ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId());  
       if (closed) throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");  
       if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {  
           clearLocalCache();  
       }  
       List<E> list;  
       try {  
           queryStack++;  
           list = resultHandler == null ? (List<E>) localCache.getObject(key) : null;  
           if (list != null) {  
               handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);  
           } else {  
               // 3.缓存中没有值,直接从数据库中读取数据    
               list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);  
           }  
       } finally {  
           queryStack--;  
       }  
       if (queryStack == 0) {  
           for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) {  
               deferredLoad.load();  
           }  
           deferredLoads.clear(); // issue #601  
           if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) {  
               clearLocalCache(); // issue #482  
           }  
       }  
       return list;  
}

private <E> List<E> queryFromDatabase(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {  
      List<E> list;  
      localCache.putObject(key, EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER);  
      try {  
         
          //4. 执行查询,返回List 结果,然后    将查询的结果放入缓存之中  
          list = doQuery(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);  
      } finally {  
          localCache.removeObject(key);  
      }  
      localCache.putObject(key, list);  
      if (ms.getStatementType() == StatementType.CALLABLE) {  
          localOutputParameterCache.putObject(key, parameter);  
      }  
      return list;  
}
/** 
   * 
   * SimpleExecutor类的doQuery()方法实现 
   * 
   */  
public <E> List<E> doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {  
      Statement stmt = null;  
      try {  
          Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();  
          //5. 根据既有的参数,创建StatementHandler对象来执行查询操作  
          StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);  
          //6. 创建java.Sql.Statement对象,传递给StatementHandler对象  
          stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog());  
          //7. 调用StatementHandler.query()方法,返回List结果集  
          return handler.<E>query(stmt, resultHandler);  
       } finally {  
           closeStatement(stmt);  
       }  
}

上述的Executor.query()方法几经转折,最后会创建一个StatementHandler对象,然后将必要的参数传递给StatementHandler,使用StatementHandler来完成对数据库的查询,最终返回List结果集。

从上面的代码中我们可以看出,Executor的功能和作用是:

根据传递的参数,完成SQL语句的动态解析,生成BoundSql对象,供StatementHandler使用;
为查询创建缓存,以提高性能;
创建JDBC的Statement连接对象,传递给StatementHandler对象,返回List查询结果;

###StatementHandler对象

StatementHandler对象负责设置Statement对象中的查询参数、处理JDBC返回的resultSet,将resultSet加工为List 集合返回:

接着上面的Executor第六步,看一下:prepareStatement() 方法的实现:

/** 
   * 
   * SimpleExecutor类的doQuery()方法实现 
   * 
   */  
public <E> List<E> doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException { 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try { 
          Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration(); 
          StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql); 
          // 1.准备Statement对象,并设置Statement对象的参数 
          stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog()); 
          // 2. StatementHandler执行query()方法,返回List结果 
          return handler.<E>query(stmt, resultHandler); 
      } finally {
          closeStatement(stmt); 
      } 
}  
 
private Statement prepareStatement(StatementHandler handler, Log statementLog) throws SQLException {
      Statement stmt;  
      Connection connection = getConnection(statementLog);  
      stmt = handler.prepare(connection);  
      //对创建的Statement对象设置参数,即设置SQL 语句中 ? 设置为指定的参数  
      handler.parameterize(stmt);  
      return stmt;  
}

以上我们可以总结StatementHandler对象主要完成两个工作:

  1. 对于JDBC的PreparedStatement类型的对象,创建的过程中,我们使用的是SQL语句字符串会包含 若干个? 占位符,我们其后再对占位符进行设值。
    StatementHandler通过parameterize(statement)方法对Statement进行设值;
  2. StatementHandler通过List< E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler)方法来完成执行Statement,和将Statement对象返回的resultSet封装成List;

###StatementHandler对象的parameterize(statement) 方法的实现

/** 
   * StatementHandler 类的parameterize(statement) 方法实现  
   */  
public void parameterize(Statement statement) throws SQLException {  
      //使用ParameterHandler对象来完成对Statement的设值    
      parameterHandler.setParameters((PreparedStatement) statement);  
}
/** 
   *  
   * ParameterHandler类的setParameters(PreparedStatement ps) 实现 
   * 对某一个Statement进行设置参数 
   */  
public void setParameters(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException {  
 ErrorContext.instance().activity("setting parameters").object(mappedStatement.getParameterMap().getId());  
 List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappings = boundSql.getParameterMappings();  
 if (parameterMappings != null) {  
     for (int i = 0; i < parameterMappings.size(); i++) {  
         ParameterMapping parameterMapping = parameterMappings.get(i);  
         if (parameterMapping.getMode() != ParameterMode.OUT) {  
             Object value;  
             String propertyName = parameterMapping.getProperty();  
             if (boundSql.hasAdditionalParameter(propertyName)) { // issue #448 ask first for additional params  
                 value = boundSql.getAdditionalParameter(propertyName);  
             } else if (parameterObject == null) {  
                 value = null;  
             } else if (typeHandlerRegistry.hasTypeHandler(parameterObject.getClass())) {  
                 value = parameterObject;  
             } else {  
                 MetaObject metaObject = configuration.newMetaObject(parameterObject);  
                 value = metaObject.getValue(propertyName);  
             }  
    
             // 每一个Mapping都有一个TypeHandler,根据TypeHandler来对preparedStatement进行设置参数  
             TypeHandler typeHandler = parameterMapping.getTypeHandler();  
             JdbcType jdbcType = parameterMapping.getJdbcType();  
             if (value == null && jdbcType == null) jdbcType = configuration.getJdbcTypeForNull();  
             // 设置参数  
             typeHandler.setParameter(ps, i + 1, value, jdbcType);  
         }  
     }  
 }  
}

从上述的代码可以看到,StatementHandler的parameterize(Statement) 方法调用了
ParameterHandler的setParameters(statement) 方法,
ParameterHandler的setParameters(Statement)方法负责 根据我们输入的参数,对statement对象的 ? 占位符处进行赋值。

####StatementHandler 的List< E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler)方法的实现:

/** 
    * PreParedStatement类的query方法实现 
    */  
public <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {  
      //1.调用preparedStatemnt。execute()方法,然后将resultSet交给ResultSetHandler处理    
      PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) statement;  
      ps.execute();  
      //2. 使用ResultHandler来处理ResultSet  
      return resultSetHandler.<E> handleResultSets(ps);  
}
/**   
   * ResultSetHandler类的handleResultSets()方法实现 
   *  
   */  
public List<Object> handleResultSets(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {  
  final List<Object> multipleResults = new ArrayList<Object>();  

  int resultSetCount = 0;  
  ResultSetWrapper rsw = getFirstResultSet(stmt);  

  List<ResultMap> resultMaps = mappedStatement.getResultMaps();  
  int resultMapCount = resultMaps.size();  
  validateResultMapsCount(rsw, resultMapCount);  
 
  while (rsw != null && resultMapCount > resultSetCount) {  
      ResultMap resultMap = resultMaps.get(resultSetCount);  
   
      //将resultSet  
      handleResultSet(rsw, resultMap, multipleResults, null);  
      rsw = getNextResultSet(stmt);  
      cleanUpAfterHandlingResultSet();  
      resultSetCount++;  
  }

  String[] resultSets = mappedStatement.getResulSets();  
  if (resultSets != null) {  
      while (rsw != null && resultSetCount < resultSets.length) {  
          ResultMapping parentMapping = nextResultMaps.get(resultSets[resultSetCount]);  
          if (parentMapping != null) {  
              String nestedResultMapId = parentMapping.getNestedResultMapId();  
              ResultMap resultMap = configuration.getResultMap(nestedResultMapId);  
              handleResultSet(rsw, resultMap, null, parentMapping);  
          }  
          rsw = getNextResultSet(stmt);  
          cleanUpAfterHandlingResultSet();  
          resultSetCount++;  
      }  
  }  

  return collapseSingleResultList(multipleResults);  
}

从上述代码我们可以看出,StatementHandler 的List query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler)方法的实现,是调用了ResultSetHandler的handleResultSets(Statement) 方法。ResultSetHandler的handleResultSets(Statement) 方法会将Statement语句执行后生成的resultSet 结果集转换成List 结果集: