环境说明:
1. 系统环境: CentOS7-64位 内存:4GB 硬盘:20GB (VMWARE虚拟机)2. MySQL版本: 5.7.19
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1. 下载MySQL
下载后上传至Linux服务器，这里把源码包放到/usr/local目录下。
2. 环境准备
2.1 安装编译需要用到的依赖软件
如果数据库使用多实例，还需要安装: libaio, libaio-devel, 另外，还可安装: bison-devel openssl-devel。
cmake加参数:-DWITH_SSL=yes时依赖openssl库)
2.2 添加mysql用户和用户组
执行命令: sudo groupadd mysql && sudo useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql
3. 开始安装
3.1 预编译
执行命令:
cd /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19 && sudo cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii -DENABLE_LOCAL_INFILE=ON -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLE_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0
出现如下错误，提示找不到boost库:
这里再添加两个参数: -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=<directory>, boost路径填/usr/local/boost即可，它会在这个目录找，找不到就会自己下载到该目录下，如下所示:
注意:
cmake生成的临时文件是CMakeCache.txt，重新cmake时，最好删除上一个CMakeCache.txt文件，避免不必要的错误。
3.2 编译
执行命令: sudo make 即可，注意，内存最好大于等于4G, 内存为2G可能会编译失败。编译完如下:
3.3 安装
执行命令: sudo make install。安装完如下:
3.4 配置
3.4.1 目录授权
另外，还需创建一个目录，命令: sudo mkdir /usr/local/mysql/tmp
3.4.2 初始化mysql的系统数据表
命令： sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
在Mysql5.7之前，初始化一般都是使用sripts目录下的mysql_install_db脚本，这里改为用mysqld了, 并且初始化后有一个默认的root随机密码:
3.4.3 创建配置文件
这里没有my-default.cnf文件:
我们在网站找一个，然后按我们的参数修改配置即可，命令:
sudo mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak && sudo mv my.cnf /etc/my.cnf，文件内容如下:
# Example MySQL config file for small systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon
# doesn't use much resources.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3298
socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3298
socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16K
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 4
sort_buffer_size = 64K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
net_buffer_length = 2K
thread_stack = 256K
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
server-id = 1
# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
#binlog_format=mixed
# Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be
# written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that
# there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional
# tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM
# t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master.
#binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
3.4.4 (按需)配置了SSL的需要执行
命令： sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
3.5 启动
命令： sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
发生如下错误:
修改目录授权:sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql，之前的所属用户和组是root，修改后重启启动:
MySQL启动完成。
前面在初始化系统数据表时，提示一句，说明了root的初始随机密码，内容如下：
2017-07-30T14:39:57.719908Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: <pidipNa0;g)
现在用这个密码<pidipNa0;g)来连接一下看看:
暂时无法执行命令，需要先重置root密码:
3.6 关闭MySQL
命令： /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown -u root -p
3.7 其他
3.7.1 查看MySQL从什么位置加载my.cnf配置文件
如果存在多个文件，MySQL会以读取到的最后一个配置文件参数为准启动进程。
3.7.2 数据库与数据库实例
数据库是文件的集合，是依照某种数据模型组织起来并存放于二级存储器中的数据集合。
数据库实例是程序，是位于用户与操作系统之间的一层数据管理软件，用户对数据库数据的任何操作，包括数据库定义、数据查询、数据维护、数据库运行控制等都是在数据库实例下进行的，应用程序只有通过数据库实例才能和数据库打交道。
3.7.3 数据库的存储引擎是基于表的，而不是数据库！
3.7.4 N/A.
