一、Spring Cache 介绍

Spring Cache是一个框架,实现了基于注解的缓存功能,只需要简单地加一个注解,就能实现缓存功能。
Spring Cache提供了一层抽象,底层可以切换不同的cache实现。具体就是通过CacheManager接口来统一不同的缓存技术。
CacheManager是Spring提供的各种缓存技术抽象接口。

针对不同的缓存技术需要实现不同的CacheManager:

CacheManager

描述

EhCacheCacheManager

使用EhCache作为缓存技术

GuavaCacheManager

使用Google的GuavaCache作为缓存技术

RedisCacheManager

使用Redis作为缓存技术

 

二、Spring Cache 常用注解

注解

说明

@EnableCaching

开启缓存注解功能

@Cacheable

在方法执行前spring先查看缓存中是否有数据,如果有数据,则直接返回缓存数据;若没有数据,调用方法并将方法返回值放到缓存中

@CachePut

将方法的返回值放到缓存中

@CacheEvict

将一条或多条数据从缓存中删除

在spring boot项目中,使用缓存技术只需在项目中导入相关缓存技术的依赖包,并在启动类上使用@EnableCaching开启缓存支持即可。

例如,使用Redis作为缓存技术,只需要导入Spring data Redis的maven坐标即可。

三、Spring Cache 使用方式

在Spring Boot项目中使用Spring Cache的操作步骤(使用redis缓存技术):

1、导入maven坐标
    spring-boot-starter-data-redis、spring-boot-starter-cache

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

2、配置application.yml

spring:
  redis:
    host: localhost
    port: 6379
    database: 0
  cache:
    redis:
      time-to-live: 1800000 #设置缓存有效期

3、在启动类上加入@EnableCaching注解,开启缓存注解功能
4、在Controller的方法上加入@Cacheable、@CacheEvict等注解,进行缓存操作

四、Spring Cache 上下文数据

若依框架中redis的作用 redis 缓存框架_spring boot

五、案例实战

创建数据库cache_demo,创建user表

CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL,
  `name` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `address` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

若依框架中redis的作用 redis 缓存框架_spring boot_02

 创建一个springboot项目:

若依框架中redis的作用 redis 缓存框架_若依框架中redis的作用_03

 

若依框架中redis的作用 redis 缓存框架_spring boot_04

项目目录结构:

 

若依框架中redis的作用 redis 缓存框架_若依框架中redis的作用_05

 pom.xml的依赖坐标:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.4</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.it</groupId>
    <artifactId>cache_redis</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.76</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.6</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置文件application.yml:

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    #应用的名称,可选
    name: cache_redis
  datasource:
    druid:
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cache_demo
      username: root
      password: root
  redis:
    host: localhost
    port: 6379
    database: 0
  cache:
    redis:
      time-to-live: 1800000 #设置缓存有效期

mybatis-plus:
  configuration:
    #在映射实体或者属性时,将数据库中的表名和字段名的下划线去掉,用驼峰命名法来映射
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
  global-config:
    db-config:
      id-type: assign_id

项目启动类CacheRedisApplication加@EnableCaching

package com.it;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching //开启缓存功能
@Slf4j
public class CacheRedisApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CacheRedisApplication.class, args);
        log.info("项目启动成功");
    }

}

User实体:

package com.it.entity;

import lombok.Data;
import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
public class User implements Serializable {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String address;
}

mapper的数据访问层的userMapper:

package com.it.mapper;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.it.entity.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;

@Mapper
public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> {
}

service业务层的接口UserService:

package com.it.service;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
import com.it.entity.User;

public interface UserService extends IService<User> {
}

其实现类UserServiceImpl:

package com.it.service.impl;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.it.entity.User;
import com.it.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.it.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper, User> implements UserService {
}

controller控制层的UserController:

package com.it.controller;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.LambdaQueryWrapper;
import com.it.entity.User;
import com.it.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private CacheManager cacheManager;

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    /**
     * @CachePut: 将方法的返回值放入缓存
     * value: 缓存的名称,每个缓存名称下可以有多个key
     * key: 缓存的key
     * */

    @CachePut(value = "userCache",key = "#user.id")
    @PostMapping
    public User save(User user){
        userService.save(user);
        return user;
    }

    /**
     * @CacheEvict: 清理指定缓存
     * value: 缓存的名称,每个缓存名称下可以有多个key
     * key: 缓存的key
     * */

    @CacheEvict(value = "userCache",key = "#id")
    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public void delete(@PathVariable Long id){
        userService.removeById(id);
    }

    @CacheEvict(value = "userCache",key = "#user.id")
    @PutMapping
    public User update(User user){
        userService.updateById(user);
        return user;
    }

    /**
     * @Cacheable: 在方法执行前spring先查看缓存中是否有数据,如果有数据,则直接返回缓存数据;若没有数据,调用方法并将方法返回值放到缓存中
     * value: 缓存的名称,每个缓存名称下可以有多个key
     * key: 缓存的key
     * condition: 条件,满足条件才缓存数据
     * unless: 满足条件则不缓存
     * */

    @Cacheable(value = "userCache",key = "#id",unless = "#result == null ")
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User getById(@PathVariable Long id){
        User user = userService.getById(id);
        return user;
    }

    @Cacheable(value = "userCache",key = "#user.id+'_'+#user.name")
    @GetMapping("/list")
    public List<User> list(User user){
        LambdaQueryWrapper<User> queryWrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();
        queryWrapper.eq(user.getId() != null,User::getId,user.getId());
        queryWrapper.eq(user.getName() != null,User::getName,user.getName());
        List<User> list = userService.list(queryWrapper);
        return list;
    }

}

例如使用postman测试 getById(@PathVariable Long id):

若依框架中redis的作用 redis 缓存框架_redis_06

 redis中已经缓存如下,再次请求将从缓存中取数据,无需查询数据库。

若依框架中redis的作用 redis 缓存框架_spring_07

 至此,在springboot项目中,Spring Cache框架使用Redis作为缓存的功能已经完成。