写在前面

(mysql 5 和 mysql 8 驱动不同,DataX 读写 MySQL的时候需要考虑 mysql 版本驱动问题)

DataX 是阿里巴巴集团内被广泛使用的异构数据源离线同步工具,致力于实现包括关系型数据库(MySQL、Oracle等)、HDFS、Hive、MaxCompute(原ODPS)、HBase、FTP等各种异构数据源之间稳定高效的数据同步功能。

DataX本身作为离线数据同步框架,采用Framework + plugin架构构建。将数据源读取和写入抽象成为Reader/Writer插件,纳入到整个同步框架中。目前已经有了比较全面的插件体系,主流的RDBMS数据库、NOSQL、大数据计算系统都已经接入。

设计理念

为了解决异构数据源同步问题,DataX将复杂的网状的同步链路变成了星型数据链路,DataX作为中间传输载体负责连接各种数据源。当需要接入一个新的数据源的时候,只需要将此数据源对接到DataX,便能跟已有的数据源做到无缝数据同步。

图1…:

datagrip 如何mongodb驱动放在哪里_mysql

框架设计

DataX本身作为离线数据同步框架,采用Framework + plugin架构构建。将数据源读取和写入抽象成为      Reader/Writer插件,纳入到整个同步框架中。

  1. Reader:Reader为数据采集模块,负责采集数据源的数据,将数据发送给Framework。
  2. Writer: Writer为数据写入模块,负责不断向Framework取数据,并将数据写入到目的端。
  3. Framework:Framework用于连接reader和writer,作为两者的数据传输通道,并处理缓冲,流控,并发,数据转换等核心技术问题。

优点

1、可靠的数据质量监控(让数据可以完整无损的传输到目的端)
2、丰富的数据转换功能
3、精准的速度控制
4、新版本DataX3.0提供了包括通道(并发)、记录流、字节流三种流控模式,可以随意控制你的作业速度,让你的作业在库可以承受的范围内达到最佳的同步速度。
5、强劲的同步性能
每一种读插件都有一种或多种切分策略,都能将作业合理切分成多个Task并行执行,单机多线程执行模型可以让DataX速度随并发成线性增长。
6、健壮的容错机制(多层次局部/全局的重试)
7、极简的使用体验
    下载即可用、详细的日志信息。

官网 json 文档

json(mysql  ==> mysql):

{ 
    "job": { 
        "content": [ 
            { 
                "reader": { 
                    "name": "mysqlreader",
                    "parameter": { 
                        "username": "root", 
                        "password": "123456",  
                        "column": ["name","age"], 
                        "where": "age<100", 
                        "connection": [ 
                            { 
                                "table": [ 
                                    "person" 
                                ], 
                                "jdbcUrl": [ 
                                    "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf8"
                                ] 
                            } 
                        ] 
                    } 
                }, 
                "writer": { 
                    "name": "mysqlwriter",
                    "parameter": { 
                        "username": "root", 
                        "password": "123456", 
                        "column": ["name","age_true"],
                        "connection": [ 
                            { 
                                "table": [ 
                                    "person" 
                                ], 
                                "jdbcUrl":"jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf8"                              
                            } 
                        ]   
                    } 
                } 
            } 
        ], 
        "setting": {
                 "speed": {
                         "channel": 1,
                         "byte": 104857600
                 },
                 "errorLimit": {
                         "record": 10,
                         "percentage": 0.05
      }
    } 
}

组成部分:

它由三部分组成,分别是读,写和通用配置。

Reader部分

datagrip 如何mongodb驱动放在哪里_hdfs_02

Writer部分

datagrip 如何mongodb驱动放在哪里_hdfs_03

setting部分

job.setting.speed(流量控制)

Job支持用户对速度的自定义控制,channel的值可以控制同步时的并发数,byte的值可以控制同步时的速度

job.setting.errorLimit(脏数据控制)

Job支持用户对于脏数据的自定义监控和告警,包括对脏数据最大记录数阈值(record值)或者脏数据占比阈值(percentage值),当Job传输过程出现的脏数据大于用户指定的数量/百分比,DataX Job报错退出。

json(mysql  ==>  hdfs):

{
    "job": {
        "setting": {
            "speed": {
                "channel": 10,
                "byte": 1000000,
                "record": 100000
            }
        },
        "content": [
            {
                "reader": {
                    "name": "mysqlreader",
                    "parameter": {
						"username": "root",
                        "password": "root",
						"connection": [
                            {
                                "querySql": [
                                    "select db_id,on_line_flag from xxxx where db_id < 10;"
                                ],
                                "jdbcUrl": [
                                    "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/database"
                                ]
                            }
                        ],
                        "table": "xxxx"
                    }
                },
				"writer": {
					"name": "hdfswriter",
					"parameter": {
						"defaultFS": "hdfs://shdc/",
						"fileType": "text",
						"path": "/user/hive/warehouse/ods_db.db/ods_zbt_ots_coin_account_record/dt=20191126/",
						"fileName": "ods_zbt_ots_coin_account_record",
						"column": [
                                                {
                                                        "name": "id",
                                                        "type": "bigint"
                                                },
                                                {
                                                        "name": "userId",
                                                        "type": "bigint"
                                                },
                                                {
                                                        "name": "createTime",
                                                        "type": "bigint"
                                                },
                                                {
                                                        "name": "channel",
                                                        "type": "STRING"
                                                },
                                                {
                                                        "name": "coinType",
                                                        "type": "bigint"
                                                },
                                                {
                                                        "name": "uuid",
                                                        "type": "STRING"
                                                },
                                                {
                                                        "name": "bizCode",
                                                        "type": "string"
                                                },
                                                {
                                                        "name": "coinChangeNum",
                                                        "type": "bigint"
                                                },
                                                {
                                                        "name": "source",
                                                        "type": "STRING"
                                                },
												{
                                                        "name": "coinLeftNum",
                                                        "type": "bigint"
                                                },
                                                {
                                                        "name": "ext",
                                                        "type": "STRING"
                                                },
												{
                                                        "name": "updateTime",
                                                        "type": "bigint"
                                                }
						],
						"writeMode": "append",
						"fieldDelimiter": "\t",
						"hadoopConfig": {
							"dfs.nameservices": "shdc",
							"dfs.ha.namenodes.shdc": "nn1,nn2",
							"dfs.namenode.rpc-address.shdc.nn1": "dc-nn-01:8020",
							"dfs.namenode.rpc-address.shdc.nn2": "dc-nn-02:8020",
							"dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.shdc": "org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider"
						}
					}
				}
		}]
    }
}

json(hdfs  ==>  mysql):

{
        "job": {
                "setting": {
                        "speed": {
                                "channel": 3
                        }
                },
                "content": [{
                        "reader": {
                                "name": "hdfsreader",
                                "parameter": {
                                        "path": "/user/hive/warehouse/ods_db.db/rpt_zbt_act_coins/dt=${vardate}/*",
                                        "defaultFS": "hdfs://xxxx/",
                                        "column": ["*"],
                                        "fileType": "text",
                                        "encoding": "UTF-8",
                                        "fieldDelimiter": "\t",
                                        "nullFormat": "\\N",
                                        "hadoopConfig": {
                                                "dfs.nameservices": "xxxx",
                                                "dfs.ha.namenodes.xxxx": "nn1,nn2",
                                                "dfs.namenode.rpc-address.xxxx.nn1": "dc-nn-01:8020",
                                                "dfs.namenode.rpc-address.xxxx.nn2": "dc-nn-02:8020",
                                                "dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.xxxx": "org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider"
                                        },
                                }
                        },
                        "writer": {
                                "name": "mysqlwriter",
                                "parameter": {
                                        "writeMode": "insert",
                                        "username": "name",
                                        "password": "password",
                                        "batchSize":"1024",
                                        "column": ["logdt","act_code","act_name","coins","uv"],
                                        "session": [],
                                        "connection": [{
                                                "table": ["xxxx"],
                                                "jdbcUrl": "jdbc:mysql://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:3306/xx"
                                        }]
                                }
                        }
                }]
        }
}

json (hive => hbase):

{
  "job": {
    "setting": {
      "speed": {
        "channel": 5
      }
    },
    "content": [
      {
		"reader": {
            "name": "hdfsreader",
            "parameter": {
                "path": "/user/hive/warehouse/tmp.db/zbt_open/*",
                "defaultFS": "hdfs://shdct",
                "column": [
							{
								"index": 0,
								"type": "String"
							},
							{
								"index": 1,
								"type": "String"
							},
							{
								"index": 2,
								"type": "String"
							}
				],
                "fileType": "text",
                "encoding": "UTF-8",
                "fieldDelimiter": "\t",
                "nullFormat": "\\N",
                "hadoopConfig": {
                    "dfs.nameservices": "shdct",
                    "dfs.ha.namenodes.shdct": "nn1,nn2",
                    "dfs.namenode.rpc-address.shdct.nn1": "test-dc-nn-01:8020",
                    "dfs.namenode.rpc-address.shdct.nn2": "test-dc-nn-02:8020",
                    "dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.shdct": "org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider"
                },
            }
        },
        "writer": {
          "name": "hbase11xwriter",
          "parameter": {
            "hbaseConfig": {
              "hbase.rootdir": "hdfs://shdct/hbase",
              "hbase.cluster.distributed": "true",
              "hbase.zookeeper.quorum": "test-dc-dn-01:2181,test-dc-dn-02:2181,test-dc-dn-03:2181"
            },
            "table": "zbt_open",
            "mode": "normal",
            "rowkeyColumn": [
                {
                  "index":1,
                  "type":"string"
                }
            ],
            "column": [
				{
				  "index":0,
				  "name": "data:uid",
				  "type": "string"
				},
				{
				  "index":1,
                  "name": "data:device",
                  "type": "string"
				},
				{
				  "index":2,
                  "name": "data:qid",
                  "type": "string"
			    }
            ],
            "encoding": "utf-8"
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

(注:hive:3.1.2、hbase:2.1.7、hadoop:3.1.2、DataX)

启动:

实例:

python /home/hadoop/datax/bin/datax.py /home/hadoop/Jerry/job.json/test.json