1 前言

在RPC通信数据的传输场景下,当通信报文数据传输较大时,会对数据包进行压缩传输,根据不同传输场景,常用的压缩算法有Zlib、Gzip、Bzip2、Deflater、Lz4、Lzo、Snappy算法等。以下将包括算法的介绍、Java实现代码以及各算法间的模拟性能对比。

2 压缩方案

  • Zlib

bzip2是Julian Seward开发并按照自由软件/开源软件协议发布的数据压缩算法及程序。对于压缩和解压缩,没有数据长度的限制,bzip2比传统的gzip的压缩效率更高,但是它的压缩速度较慢。

核心代码:

@Override
    public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
        byte[] output;

        Deflater compresser = new Deflater();

        compresser.reset();
        compresser.setInput(data);
        compresser.finish();
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(data.length);
        try {
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
            while (!compresser.finished()) {
                int i = compresser.deflate(buf);
                bos.write(buf, 0, i);
            }
            output = bos.toByteArray();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            output = data;
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                bos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        compresser.end();
        return output;
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
        byte[] output;

        Inflater decompresser = new Inflater();
        decompresser.reset();
        decompresser.setInput(data);

        ByteArrayOutputStream o = new ByteArrayOutputStream(data.length);
        try {
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
            while (!decompresser.finished()) {
                int i = decompresser.inflate(buf);
                o.write(buf, 0, i);
            }
            output = o.toByteArray();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            output = data;
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                o.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        decompresser.end();
        return output;
    }

测试结果:

java实现zlib解压 java zlib压缩_压缩算法

  • Gzip

gzip的实现算法还是deflate,只是在deflate格式上增加了文件头和文件尾,同样jdk也对gzip提供了支持,分别是GZIPOutputStream和GZIPInputStream类,同样可以发现GZIPOutputStream是继承于DeflaterOutputStream的,GZIPInputStream继承于InflaterInputStream,并且可以在源码中发现writeHeader和writeTrailer方法。

核心代码:

@Override
	public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		GZIPOutputStream gzip;

		try {
			gzip = new GZIPOutputStream(out);
			gzip.write(data);
			gzip.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return out.toByteArray();
	}

	@Override
	public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);

		try {
			GZIPInputStream ungzip = new GZIPInputStream(in);
			byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
			int n;
			while ((n = ungzip.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
				out.write(buffer, 0, n);
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return out.toByteArray();
	}

测试结果:

java实现zlib解压 java zlib压缩_后端_02

  • Bzip2

bzip2是Julian Seward开发并按照自由软件/开源软件协议发布的数据压缩算法及程序。Seward在1996年7月第一次公开发布了bzip2 0.15版,在随后几年中这个压缩工具稳定性得到改善并且日渐流行,Seward在2000年晚些时候发布了1.0版。bzip2比传统的gzip的压缩效率更高,但是它的压缩速度较慢。

核心代码:

@Override
	public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		BZip2CompressorOutputStream bcos = new BZip2CompressorOutputStream(out);
		bcos.write(data);
		bcos.close();

		return out.toByteArray();
	}

	@Override
	public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);

		try {
			@SuppressWarnings("resource")
			BZip2CompressorInputStream ungzip = new BZip2CompressorInputStream(in);
			byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
			int n;
			while ((n = ungzip.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
				out.write(buffer, 0, n);
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return out.toByteArray();
	}

测试结果:

java实现zlib解压 java zlib压缩_ide_03

  • Deflater

DEFLATE是同时使用了LZ77算法与哈夫曼编码(Huffman Coding)的一个无损数据压缩算法,DEFLATE压缩与解压的源代码可以在自由、通用的压缩库zlib上找到,zlib官网:http://www.zlib.net/ jdk中对zlib压缩库提供了支持,压缩类Deflater和解压类Inflater,Deflater和Inflater都提供了native方法。

核心代码:

@Override
	public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		Deflater compressor = new Deflater(1);
		
		try {
			compressor.setInput(data);
			compressor.finish();
			final byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
			while (!compressor.finished()) {
				int count = compressor.deflate(buf);
				bos.write(buf, 0, count);
			}
		} finally {
			compressor.end();
		}
		
		return bos.toByteArray();
	}

	@Override
	public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		Inflater decompressor = new Inflater();
		
		try {
			decompressor.setInput(data);
			final byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
			while (!decompressor.finished()) {
				int count = decompressor.inflate(buf);
				bos.write(buf, 0, count);
			}
		} catch (DataFormatException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			decompressor.end();
		}
		
		return bos.toByteArray();
	}

测试结果:

java实现zlib解压 java zlib压缩_ide_04

  • Lz4

LZ4是一种无损数据压缩算法,着重于压缩和解压缩速度。

核心代码:

@Override
	public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		LZ4Factory factory = LZ4Factory.fastestInstance();
		ByteArrayOutputStream byteOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		LZ4Compressor compressor = factory.fastCompressor();
		LZ4BlockOutputStream compressedOutput = new LZ4BlockOutputStream(byteOutput, 2048, compressor);
		compressedOutput.write(data);
		compressedOutput.close();
		
		return byteOutput.toByteArray();
	}

	@Override
	public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		LZ4Factory factory = LZ4Factory.fastestInstance();
		ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		LZ4FastDecompressor decompresser = factory.fastDecompressor();
		LZ4BlockInputStream lzis = new LZ4BlockInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), decompresser);
		
		int count;
		byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
		while ((count = lzis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
			baos.write(buffer, 0, count);
		}
		lzis.close();
		
		return baos.toByteArray();
	}

测试结果:

java实现zlib解压 java zlib压缩_后端_05

  • Lzo

LZO是致力于解压速度的一种数据压缩算法,LZO是Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer的缩写,这个算法是无损算法。

核心代码:

@Override
	public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		LzoCompressor compressor = LzoLibrary.getInstance().newCompressor(LzoAlgorithm.LZO1X, null);
		ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		LzoOutputStream cs = new LzoOutputStream(os, compressor);
		cs.write(data);
		cs.close();

		return os.toByteArray();
	}

	@Override
	public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		LzoDecompressor decompressor = LzoLibrary.getInstance().newDecompressor(LzoAlgorithm.LZO1X, null);
		ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		LzoInputStream us = new LzoInputStream(is, decompressor);
		
		int count;
		byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
		while ((count = us.read(buffer)) != -1) {
			baos.write(buffer, 0, count);
		}
		
		return baos.toByteArray();
	}

测试结果:

java实现zlib解压 java zlib压缩_后端_06

  • Snappy

Snappy(以前称Zippy)是Google基于LZ77的思路用C++语言编写的快速数据压缩与解压程序库,并在2011年开源。它的目标并非最大压缩率或与其他压缩程序库的兼容性,而是非常高的速度和合理的压缩率。

核心代码:

@Override
	public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		return Snappy.compress(data);
	}

	@Override
	public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
		return Snappy.uncompress(data);
	}

测试结果:

java实现zlib解压 java zlib压缩_后端_07

3 性能对比

ENV:JDK:11/CPU:4C/

java实现zlib解压 java zlib压缩_java实现zlib解压_08

不同大小文件压缩效率及质量有差异,性能对比仅供参考;

Compress Rate(%) = Size Before(byte) / Size After(byte) * 100