linux nfs 双活高性能集群 linux双机集群

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云端筑梦师 2024-06-07 23:20:56

文章标签 linux nfs 双活高性能集群 mysql Processing MySQL 文章分类 运维

一、介绍
这篇文档旨在介绍如何安装配置基于2台服务器的MySQL集群。并且实现任意一台服务器出现问题或宕机时MySql集群依然能够继续运行。

安装环境及软件包：
2台PC

mysql-6.0.0-alpha.tar.gz
 Centos5
 SerA:192.168.1.50
 SerB:192.168.1.8

二、在SerA和SerB上安装MySQL
以下步骤需要在SerA和SerB上各做一次

# mv mysql-6.0.0-alpha.tar.gz /tmp/package
 # cd /tmp/package
 # groupadd mysql
 # useradd -g mysql mysql
 # tar -zxvf mysql-6.0.0-alpha.tar.gz
 # rm -f mysql-6.0.0-alpha.tar.gz
 # mv mysql-6.0.0-alpha mysql
 # cd mysql
 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-extra-charsets=complex --with-plugin-ndbcluster --with-plugin-partition --with-plugin-innobase --with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/var/mysql.sock
 # make && make install
 #ln -s /usr/local/libexec/ndbd /usr/bin
 #ln -s /usr/local/libexec/ndb_mgmd /usr/bin
 #ln -s /usr/local/libexec/ndb_cpcd /usr/bin
 #ln -s /usr/local/libexec/mysqld /usr/bin
 #ln -s /usr/local/libexec/mysqlmanager /usr/bin
 #mysql_install_db --user=mysql

三、安装并配置节点
以下步骤需要在SerA和SerB上各做一次
1.配置管理节点配置文件：

# mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster
 # cd /var/lib/mysql-cluster
 # vi config.ini
 在config.ini中添加如下内容：
 [ndbd default]
 NoOfReplicas= 2
 MaxNoOfConcurrentOperations= 10000
 # Amount of memory required=(SizeofDatabase * NumberOfReplicas * 1.1 ) / NumberOfDataNodes
 DataMemory= 128M
 IndexMemory= 24M
 TimeBetweenWatchDogCheck= 30000
 DataDir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster
 MaxNoOfOrderedIndexes= 512
 StartPartialTimeout=100
 StartPartitionedTimeout=100
 ArbitrationTimeout=5000
 TransactionDeadlockDetectionTimeout=5000
 HeartbeatIntervalDbDb=5000
 StopOnError=0

 [ndb_mgmd default]
 DataDir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster
 [ndb_mgmd]
 Id=1
 HostName= 192.168.1.50
 [ndb_mgmd]
 Id=2
 HostName= 192.168.1.8
 [ndbd]
 Id= 3
 HostName= 192.168.1.50
 [ndbd]
 Id= 4
 HostName= 192.168.1.8
 [mysqld]
 ArbitrationRank=2 (非常重要,全靠有它,才可以形成仲裁竞争,从而当另一个机子当了时,此机还可以有知道partion完整的节点)
 [mysqld]
 ArbitrationRank=2
 [mysqld] (多出的这项是留给恢复时使用的.)
 [mysqld] (多出的这项是留给恢复时使用的.)
 [tcp default]
 PortNumber= 63132[separator]
 2.配置通用my.cnf文件，mysqld及ndbd,ndb_mgmd均使用此文件.
 # vi /etc/my.cnf
 在my.cnf中添加如下内容：
 [mysqld]
 datadir=/usr/local/var
 socket=/usr/local/var/mysql.sock
 # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x
 # clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).
 old_passwords=1
 default-storage-engine=ndbcluster
 ndbcluster
 ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.50,192.168.1.8

 [ndbd]
 connect-string=192.168.1.50,192.168.1.8

 [ndb_mgm]
 connect-string=192.168.1.50,192.168.1.8

 [ndb_mgmd]
 config-file=/var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini

 [mysql_cluster]
 ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.50,192.168.1.8

 [mysql.server]
 user=mysql
 basedir=/usr/local/

 [mysqld_safe]
 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
 #pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
 [mysql]
 #socket=/usr/local/var/mysql.sock
 [mysqladmin]
 #socket=/usr/local/var/mysql.sock
 [ndb_restore default]

保存退出后.

四.启动管理节点SerA为：

[root@SerA ~]# ndb_mgmd --ndb_nodeid=1
 Cluster configuration warning:
 arbitrator with id 1 and db node with id 3 on same host 192.168.1.50
 arbitrator with id 2 and db node with id 4 on same host 192.168.1.8
 arbitrator with id 5 has no hostname specified
 arbitrator with id 6 has no hostname specified
 Running arbitrator on the same host as a database node may
 cause complete cluster shutdown in case of host failure.

注:在启动时有一个警告提示
说节点1和3，2和4的arbitrator一样，可能引起整个集群失败。（可以不用放在心上）

启动管理节点SerB为：
[root@SerB ~]# ndb_mgmd --ndb_nodeid=2

五.初始化集群
在SerA中
[root@SerA ~]# ndbd --ndb_nodeid=3 --initial
在SerB中
[root@SerB ~]# ndbd --ndb_nodeid=4 --initial
注：只有在第一次启动ndbd时或者对config.ini进行改动后才需要使用--initial参数！(在下面为了进行恢复实验时还再次使用到)

检查工作状态
在任意一台机子上启动管理终端：

[root@SerA ~]# ndb_mgm -e show
 Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.50:1186
 Cluster Configuration
 ---------------------
 [ndbd(NDB)]     2 node(s)
 id=3    @192.168.1.50 (Version: 6.0.0, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
 id=4    @192.168.1.8 (Version: 6.0.0, Nodegroup: 0)

 [ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 2 node(s)
 id=1    @192.168.1.50 (Version: 6.0.0)
 id=2    @192.168.1.8 (Version: 6.0.0)

 [mysqld(API)]   3 node(s)
 id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
 id=6 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
 id=7 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)

如果上面没有问题，现在开始加入mysqld(API)

六.加入mysqld(API)
注意，这篇文档对于MySQL并没有设置root密码，推荐你自己设置SerA和SerB的MySQL root密码。

在SerA 中：
 [root@SerA ~]# mysqld_safe --ndb_nodeid=5 --user=mysql &
 在SerB 中：
 [root@SerB ~]# mysqld_safe --ndb_nodeid=6 --user=mysql &

 再次检查工作状态,看mysql节点是否加入成功
 [root@SerA ~]# ndb_mgm -e show
 Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.50:1186
 Cluster Configuration
 ---------------------
 [ndbd(NDB)]     2 node(s)
 id=3    @192.168.1.50 (Version: 6.0.0, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
 id=4    @192.168.1.8 (Version: 6.0.0, Nodegroup: 0)

 [ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 2 node(s)
 id=1    @192.168.1.50 (Version: 6.0.0)
 id=2    @192.168.1.8 (Version: 6.0.0)

 [mysqld(API)]   3 node(s)
 id=5    @192.168.1.50 (Version: 6.0.0)
 id=6    @192.168.1.8 (Version: 6.0.0)
 id=7 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)


 七.测试：
 在SerA 中
 [root@SerA ~]# mysql -uroot
 >create databases backup;
 >use backup;
 >create table dog (name varchar(10));
 >create table pig (name varchar(10));

 退出终端, 使用下面的命令往上面两个表内批量插入数据.
 [root@SerA ~]# mysql -uroot<sql.txt
 [root@SerB ~]# mysql -uroot<sqltest.txt

 这里要等上几分钟, 应为sql.txt 里有20W行记录, 而且sqltest.txt也用10W行.

 数据插入完毕再回到终端中检查是否有新增的数据库和表以及数据.
 [root@SerB ~]# mysql -uroot
 >show databases;
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | backup             |
 | mysql              |
 | test               |
 +--------------------+
 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> use backup
 Reading table information for completion of table and column names
 You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

 Database changed
 mysql> show tables;
 +------------------+
 | Tables_in_backup |
 +------------------+
 | dog              |
 | pig              |
 +------------------+
 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


 mysql> select * from pig;
 ...............
 ...............

 | 144163 |
 | 173821 |
 | 188584 |
 | 45860 |
 +--------+
 200000 rows in set (1.66 sec)


 mysql> select * from pig;
 ...............
 ...............

 | 27580 |
 | 83268 |
 | 47744 |
 | 97018 |
 +--------+
 100000 rows in set (0.83 sec)


 可以看到mysql能正常工作.


 ndb下数据备份和恢复：
 备份很简单：
 在任意的一台机子上,只需通过ndb_mgm，运行start backup
 [root@SerB zman]# ndb_mgm
 -- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
 ndb_mgm> start backup
 Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.50:1186
 Waiting for completed, this may take several minutes
 Node 3: Backup 1 started from node 1
 Node 3: Backup 1 started from node 1 completed
 StartGCP: 515 StopGCP: 518
 #Records: 302059 #LogRecords: 0
 Data: 8427304 bytes Log: 0 bytes

 这个备份很快，备份的结果是在每个数据节点上都生成一个备份. 用ll命令分别在两台机子上查看是否生成备份文件.

 [root@SerA mysql-cluster]# ll /var/lib/mysql-cluster/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
 total 4116
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4194172 Aug 22 02:16 BACKUP-1-0.3.Data
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    8580 Aug 22 02:16 BACKUP-1.3.ctl
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      44 Aug 22 02:16 BACKUP-1.3.log

 [root@SerB conf]# ll /var/lib/mysql-cluster/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
 总计 4156
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4233956 08-22 14:15 BACKUP-1-0.4.Data
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    8580 08-22 14:15 BACKUP-1.4.ctl
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      44 08-22 14:15 BACKUP-1.4.log

恢复
恢复要通过以下几个步骤完成:
1. 测试删除数据表，至少1个节点重新建个空的；
2. 停止sql节点的运行，或者在配置文件中增加1个空的sql节点标志(config.ini文件里多出的一个[mysqld]项就是留个这里用的)，否则会出现 No free node id found for mysqld(API) 错误；
3. 首先在任意一个节点上恢复表结构，然后在每个数据节点上恢复数据
ndb_restore -n 4 -b 1 -m -r /var/lib/mysql-cluster/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
没有-m 这个恢复过程，会出现Unable to find table错误
-n 和 -b 的数值，对应备份文件 BACKUP-n.b.ctl，这里是 BACKUP-1.4.ctl
ndb_restore -n 3 -b 1 -r /var/lib/mysql-cluster/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/

1) 先关闭集群.

[root@SerA ~]# mysqladmin shutdown
 [root@SerB ~]# mysqladmin shutdown

 [root@SerA ~]# ndb_mgm -e shutdown
 Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.50:1186
 2 NDB Cluster node(s) have shutdown.
 Disconnecting to allow management server to shutdown.

 2)重复上面的四五六 (主要是想通过 ndbd --ndb_nodeid=3 --initial 和 ndbd --ndb_nodeid=4 --initial 將数据库初始化)

 [root@SerA ~]# mysql -uroot
 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MySQL connection id is 2
 Server version: 6.0.0-alpha Source distribution

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

 mysql> use backup
 Database changed
 mysql> show tables; (可以看到数据库是空的)
 Empty set (0.00 sec)


 3)进行恢复
 在SerB上执行:
 [root@SerB ~]# ndb_restore -n 4 -b 1 -m -r /var/lib/mysql-cluster/BACKUP/BACKUP-1
 Nodeid = 4
 Backup Id = 1
 backup path = /var/lib/mysql-cluster/BACKUP/BACKUP-1
 Ndb version in backup files: Version 6.0.0
 Connected to ndb!!
 Successfully restored table backup/def/pig
 Successfully restored table event REPL$backup/pig
 Successfully restored table backup/def/dog
 Successfully restored table event REPL$backup/dog
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: backup/def/pig(6) fragment 1
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: sys/def/NDB$EVENTS_0(1) fragment 1
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: mysql/def/NDB$BLOB_2_3(3) fragment 1
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: sys/def/SYSTAB_0(0) fragment 1
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_schema(2) fragment 1
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_apply_status(4) fragment 1
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: backup/def/dog(5) fragment 1
 Restored 150727 tuples and 0 log entries

 NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK




 在SerA上执行:
 [root@SerA ~]# ndb_restore -n 3 -b 1 -r /var/lib/mysql-cluster/BACKUP/BACKUP-1
 Nodeid = 3
 Backup Id = 1
 backup path = /var/lib/mysql-cluster/BACKUP/BACKUP-1
 Ndb version in backup files: Version 6.0.0
 Connected to ndb!!
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: backup/def/pig(6) fragment 0
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: sys/def/NDB$EVENTS_0(1) fragment 0
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: mysql/def/NDB$BLOB_2_3(3) fragment 0
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: sys/def/SYSTAB_0(0) fragment 0
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_schema(2) fragment 0
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_apply_status(4) fragment 0
 _____________________________________________________
 Processing data in table: backup/def/dog(5) fragment 0
 Restored 149273 tuples and 0 log entries

 NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK




 回到终端里查看恢复情况
 [root@SerA ~]# mysql -uroot
 mysql> use backup
 mysql> show tables;
 +------------------+
 | Tables_in_backup |
 +------------------+
 | dog              |
 | pig              |
 +------------------+
 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> select * from pig;
 ...............
 ...............

 | 144163 |
 | 173821 |
 | 188584 |
 | 45860 |
 +--------+
 200000 rows in set (1.66 sec)


 mysql> select * from pig;
 ...............
 ...............

 | 27580 |
 | 83268 |
 | 47744 |
 | 97018 |
 +--------+
 100000 rows in set (0.83 sec)

OK, 数据库恢复成功.
cluster目前，只能对所有数据进行备份和恢复，不能选择数据库，也不能进行差量备份，不知如果对应上G的数据会怎样，目前想到的是打开log-bin手工进行差量数据恢复

在配置中还是遇到不少问题:

最终成功版本:

# mv mysql-5.0.85-linux-i686.tar.gz /usr/local/
# cd /usr/local/
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.85-linux-i686.tar.gz
# rm -f mysql-5.0.85-linux-i686.tar.gz
# mv mysql-5.0.85-linux-i686 mysql
# cd mysql
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R root   .
# chown -R mysql data
# chgrp -R mysql .
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
my.cnf:
[mysqld]
 datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
 default-storage-engine=ndbcluster
 ndbcluster
 ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.229,192.168.1.191
 [ndbd]
 connect-string=192.168.1.229,192.168.1.191
 [ndb_mgm]
 connect-string=192.168.1.229,192.168.1.191
 [ndb_mgmd]
 config-file=/var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini
 [mysql_cluster]
 ndb-connectstring= 192.168.1.229,192.168.1.191
 [mysql_server]
 user=mysql
 basedir=/usr/local
 [mysqld_safe]
 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
 [mysql]
 [mysqladmin]config.ini:
[ndbd default]
 NoOfReplicas= 2
 MaxNoOfConcurrentOperations= 10000
 DataMemory= 128M
 IndexMemory= 24M
 TimeBetweenWatchDogCheck= 30000
 DataDir= /var/lib/mysql-cluster
 MaxNoOfOrderedIndexes= 512
 StartPartialTimeout=100
 StartPartitionedTimeout=100
 ArbitrationTimeout=5000
 TransactionDeadlockDetectionTimeout=5000
 HeartbeatIntervalDbDb=5000
 StopOnError=0[ndb_mgmd default]
 DataDir= /var/lib/mysql-cluster
 [ndb_mgmd]
 Id=1
 HostName= 192.168.1.229
 [ndb_mgmd]
 Id=2
 HostName= 192.168.1.191
 [ndbd]
 Id=3
 HostName= 192.168.1.229
 [ndbd]
 Id=4
 HostName= 192.168.1.191
 [mysqld]
 ArbitrationRank=2
 [mysqld]
 ArbitrationRank=2
 [mysqld]
 [mysqld]

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