实现了一个图片验证码的功能,demo如图所示

JAVA实现验证码 java登录验证码怎么做_登录

怎么实现的呢?

需要写4个东西:

1.登录页面的jsp和js

2.验证码图片的实体类

3.生成验证码图片的servlet

4.处理登录请求的servlet

 

先看jsp代码:

一进入页面,就会生成一张验证码图片,因为写了 src="yanzheng"调用生成验证码图片的servlet;

然后点击图片会触发js方法,会重新调用生成验证码图片的servlet生成一张验证码图片;

点击登录,调用处理登录的servlet比较用户名密码和验证码是否正确。

<form class="ui form error" method="post"
                		action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/user">
    <div class="field">
        用户名
        <input autofocus="" id="id_username" maxlength="254" name="username" type="text" required />
    </div>
                        
    <div class="field">
        密码
        <input id="id_password" name="password" type="password" required />
    </div>
                            
    <div class="field">
        <!-- 验证码图片  -->
        <img class="verifyCode" onclick="changeCode()" src="yanzheng">
        <input class="verifyInput"  name="verifyInput" placeholder="请输入验证码">  
    </div>
                        
    <button class="ui inverted red circular right floated button" type="submit">
        登录
    </button>
</form>

 

/* 点击刷新验证码 */
function changeCode(){
         
    var src = "http://localhost:8080/javawebchatroom/yanzheng"
    $('.verifyCode').attr("src",src);               
         
}

然后看下验证码图片的实体类

设置了一些参数,例如字体设置、内容组合、旋转角度、干扰线、噪点等

package com.vo;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Random;

/*对图片进行处理的类和方法*/

public class VerifyCode {

	public static String drawRandomText(int width, int height, BufferedImage verifyImg) {

		Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) verifyImg.getGraphics();
		graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);// 设置画笔颜色-验证码背景色
		graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);// 填充背景
		graphics.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));

		// 数字和字母的组合
		String baseNumLetter = "123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
		StringBuffer sBuffer = new StringBuffer();
		int x = 10; // 旋转原点的 x 坐标
		String ch = "";
		Random random = new Random();

		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

			graphics.setColor(getRandomColor());
			// 设置字体旋转角度
			int degree = random.nextInt() % 30; // 角度小于30度
			int dot = random.nextInt(baseNumLetter.length());
			ch = baseNumLetter.charAt(dot) + "";
			sBuffer.append(ch);
			// 正向旋转
			graphics.rotate(degree * Math.PI / 180, x, 45);
			graphics.drawString(ch, x, 45);
			// 反向旋转
			graphics.rotate(-degree * Math.PI / 180, x, 45);
			x += 48;

		}

		// 画干扰线
		for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
			// 设置随机颜色
			graphics.setColor(getRandomColor());
			// 随机画线
			graphics.drawLine(random.nextInt(width), random.nextInt(height),
					random.nextInt(width), random.nextInt(height));

		}

		// 添加噪点
		for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
			
			int x1 = random.nextInt(width);
			int y1 = random.nextInt(height);
			graphics.setColor(getRandomColor());
			graphics.fillRect(x1, y1, 2, 2);

		}

		return sBuffer.toString();

	}

	/**
	 * 随机取色
	 */
	private static Color getRandomColor() {

		Random ran = new Random();
		Color color = new Color(ran.nextInt(256),
				ran.nextInt(256), ran.nextInt(256));

		return color;

	}

}

再看生成验证码图片的servlet,以图片流的形式直接输出到前台,并将验证码内容进行了储存(此处储存在session里的,真正用的时候可以储存在redis里或者其他地方里)

package com.action;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.vo.VerifyCode;

@WebServlet("/YanzhengServlet")
public class YanzhengServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	public YanzhengServlet() {
		super();
	}

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		/**
		 * 验证码
		 */
		try {
			System.out.println("验证码");
			int width = 200;
			int height = 69;
			BufferedImage verifyImg = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
			// 生成对应宽高的不带透明色初始图片
			String randomText = VerifyCode.drawRandomText(width, height, verifyImg);
			// 单独的一个类方法,出于代码复用考虑,进行了封装。
			// 功能是生成验证码字符并加上噪点,干扰线,返回值为验证码字符
			request.getSession().setAttribute("verifyCode", randomText);
			response.setContentType("image/png");// 必须设置响应内容类型为图片,否则前台不识别
			OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream(); // 获取文件输出流
			ImageIO.write(verifyImg, "png", os);// 输出图片流
			os.flush();
			os.close();// 关闭流

		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

然后就是UserServlet处理登录请求了,比较用户名密码和验证码对不对。我们就贴下验证码比较的就行了。

public String login(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp){
		// 接收数据
		String inputcode = req.getParameter("verifyInput");
		String code = (String) req.getSession().getAttribute("verifyCode");
		try {
			if(!(inputcode.equals(code))){
				req.setAttribute("error", "验证码错误!");
				return "/login.jsp";
			}
        return null;
	}

至此,验证码图片就实现了,还是比较简单的。

 

之后有时间出个短信验证码注册或登录的吧,这个需要去阿里云申请下短信接口噢。

 

 

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