GUI编程
组件
- 窗口
- 弹窗
- 面板
- 文本框
- 列表框
- 按钮
- 图片
- 监听事件
- 鼠标
- 键盘事件
- 破解工具
1.简介
GUI的核心技术:Swing、AWT
- 因为界面不美观
- 需要jre环境!
为什么我们要学习?
1.可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
2.了解MVC架构,了解监听!
2.AWT
2.1Awt介绍
- 包含了很多类和接口!GUI:图形用户界面
- 元素:窗口,按钮,文本框
- java.awt
2.2组件和容器
1.frame
import java.awt.*;
public class gui {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色
frame.setBackground(new Color(1,1,1));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
//此时无法关闭弹窗只有关闭java程序尝试回顾封装
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.black);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.yellow);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0;
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("MyFrame+"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);
setVisible(true);
}
}2.面板Panel
//解决了关闭事件!
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//Panel 可以看成是一个空间,但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));
//panel设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件
//适配器模式
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}2.3.布局管理器
- 流式布局
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//组件-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置为流式布局
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
frame.setSize(200,200);
//把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}- 东西南北中
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}- 表格布局
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();//自适应
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}总结:
- Frame是一个顶级窗口
- Panel无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中
- 布局管理器
- 流式
- 东西南北中
- 表格
- 大小,定位,背景颜色,可见性,监听
2.4.事件监听
事件监听:当某个事件发生的时候,干什么?
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
//因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();//自适应
windowCloser(frame);//关闭窗口
frame.setVisible(true);
}
private static void windowCloser(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("aaa");
}
}多个按钮,共享一个事件
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮实现同一个监听
//开始 停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
windowCloser(frame);
}
private static void windowCloser(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg"+e.getActionCommand());
}
}2.5.输入框TextField
import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;public class TestText01 { public static void main(String[] args) { //启动! new MyFrame1(); }}class MyFrame1 extends Frame{ public MyFrame1(){ TextField textField = new TextField(); add(textField); //监听这个文本框输入的文字 MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2(); //按下enter就会触发这个输入框的事件 textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2); //设置替换编码 textField.setEchoChar('*'); setVisible(true); pack(); }}class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象 System.out.println(field.getText()); field.setText(""); }}2.6.简易计算器、组合+内部类回顾复习!
oop原则:组合,大于继承!
面向对象的写法(运用组合降低了耦合性)
import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;//简易计算器public class TestCalc { public static void main(String[] args) { new Calculator().loadFrame(); }}//计算器类class Calculator extends Frame{ //属性 TextField num1,num2,num3; //方法 public void loadFrame(){ num1 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数 num2 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数 num3 = new TextField(20);//最大字符数 Button button = new Button("="); Label label = new Label("+"); button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this)); setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(num1); add(label); add(num2); add(button); add(num3); pack(); setVisible(true); }}class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener { Calculator calculator = null; public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){ this.calculator = calculator; } @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText()); int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText()); calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2)); calculator.num1.setText(""); calculator.num2.setText(""); }}内部类:
- 更好的包装
import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;//简易计算器public class TestCalc { public static void main(String[] args) { new Calculator().loadFrame(); }}//计算器类class Calculator extends Frame{ //属性 TextField num1,num2,num3; //方法 public void loadFrame(){ num1 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数 num2 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数 num3 = new TextField(20);//最大字符数 Button button = new Button("="); Label label = new Label("+"); button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener()); setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(num1); add(label); add(num2); add(button); add(num3); pack(); setVisible(true); } class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText()); int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText()); num3.setText(""+(n1+n2)); num1.setText(""); num2.setText(""); } }}2.7画笔
package 画笔;import java.awt.*;public class TestPaint { public static void main(String[] args) { new MyPaint().loadFrame(); }}class MyPaint extends Frame { public void loadFrame(){ setBounds(200,200,600,500); setVisible(true); } //画笔 public void paint(Graphics g){ //画笔,需要有颜色,画笔可以画画// g.setColor(Color.red); g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);// g.fillOval(0,0,50,50);// g.setColor(Color.green); g.fillRect(150,200,200,200); //养成习惯,画笔用完,将他还原到最初的颜色 }}2.8.鼠标监听
实现鼠标点击画画
package 画笔;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Iterator;public class TestMouseListener { public static void main(String[] args) { new MyFrame("画图"); }}class MyFrame extends Frame{ //画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点 ArrayList points; public MyFrame(String title){ super(title); setBounds(200,200,400,300); //存鼠标点击的点 points = new ArrayList<>(); setVisible(true); //鼠标监听器,正对这个窗口 this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener()); } @Override public void paint(Graphics g) { //画画,监听鼠标的事件 Iterator iterator = points.iterator(); while(iterator.hasNext()){ Point point = (Point) iterator.next(); g.setColor(Color.blue); g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10); } } //添加一个点到界面上 public void addPaint(Point point){ points.add(point); } //适配器模式 private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{ //鼠标,按下,弹起,按住不放 @Override public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource(); //这个我们点击的时候就会在界面上产生一个点!画 //这个点就是鼠标的点; frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY())); //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍 frame.repaint();//刷新 } }}2.9.窗口监听
package 画笔;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;public class TestWindows { public static void main(String[] args) { new WindowFrame(); }}class WindowFrame extends Frame{ public WindowFrame(){ setBackground(Color.blue); setBounds(100,100,200,200); setVisible(true); this.addWindowListener( //匿名内部类 new WindowAdapter(){ @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.out.println("WindowClosing"); System.exit(0); } @Override public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) { WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource(); source.setTitle("被激活了"); System.out.println("windowActivated"); } }); }}2.10.键盘监听
package 画笔;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;public class TestKeyListener { public static void main(String[] args) { new KeyFrame(); }}class KeyFrame extends Frame { public KeyFrame(){ setBounds(1,2,300,400); setVisible(true); this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() { @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { //获得键盘下的键是哪一个,当前的码 int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//不需要去记录这个数值,直接使用静态属性 System.out.println(keyCode); if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){ System.out.println("你按下了上建"); } //根据不同操作产生不同结果 } }); }}3.Swing
3.1.窗口、面板
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;public class JFrameDemo { //初始化 public void init(){ JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口"); jf.setVisible(true); jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200); jf.setBackground(Color.blue); //设置文字Jlabel JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到zzk的javaGUI"); jf.add(label); //关闭事件 jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { //建立一个窗口 new JFrameDemo().init(); }}标签居中
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;public class JframeDemo02 { public static void main(String[] args) { new MyJframe2().init(); }}class MyJframe2 extends JFrame{ public void init(){ this.setBounds(10,10,200,300); this.setVisible(true); JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到zzk的JAVAGUI"); this.add(label); //让文本标签居中,设置水平对齐 label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER); //获得一个容器 Container container = this.getContentPane(); container.setBackground(Color.blue); }}3.2.弹窗
JDialog,用来被弹出,默认就有关闭事件!
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;public class DialogDemo extends JFrame { public DialogDemo() { this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(700,500); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //JFrame 放东西,容器 Container container = this.getContentPane(); //绝对布局 container.setLayout(null); //按钮 JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框"); button.setBounds(30,30,200,50); //点击这个按钮的时候,弹出一个弹窗 button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //弹窗 new MyDialogDemo(); } }); container.add(button); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DialogDemo(); }}//弹窗的窗口class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{ public MyDialogDemo(){ this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(100,100,500,500); Container container = this.getContentPane(); container.setLayout(null); container.add(new Label("JavaGUI学习")); }}3.3.标签
label
new JLabel("xxx")图标ICON
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;//图标,需要实现类,Frame继承public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon { private int width; private int height; public IconDemo(){}//无参构造 public IconDemo(int width,int height){ this.width = width; this.height = height; } public void init(){ IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15); //把图标放在标签上,也可以放在按钮! JLabel label1 = new JLabel("icontest",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER); Container container = getContentPane(); container.add(label1); this.setVisible(true); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new IconDemo().init(); } @Override public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) { g.fillOval(x,y,width,height); } @Override public int getIconWidth() { return this.width; } @Override public int getIconHeight() { return this.height; }}图片Icon
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import .*;class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame { public ImageIconDemo(){ //获取图片的地址 JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon"); URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("../Swing/result.png"); ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url); label.setIcon(imageIcon); label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER); Container container = getContentPane(); container.add(label); setVisible(true); setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setBounds(100,100,200,200); } public static void main(String[] args) { new ImageIconDemo(); }}3.4.面板
JPanel
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame { public JPanelDemo(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面的参数的意思,间距 JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3)); JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2)); JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1)); JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2)); panel1.add(new JButton("1")); panel1.add(new JButton("1")); panel2.add(new JButton("2")); panel2.add(new JButton("2")); panel3.add(new JButton("3")); panel3.add(new JButton("3")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); panel4.add(new JButton("4")); container.add(panel1); container.add(panel2); container.add(panel3); container.add(panel4); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,500); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JPanelDemo(); }}JScrollPanel
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame { public JScrollDemo(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //文本域 JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50); textArea.setText("JAVAGUI学习"); //Scroll面板 JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea); container.add(scrollPane); this.setVisible(true); this.setBounds(100,100,300,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JScrollDemo(); }}3.5.按钮
图片按钮
package Swing;import java.awt.*;import .URL;import javax.swing.*;public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame { public JButtonDemo01(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //将一个图片变成图标 URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("../Swing/result.png"); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //把这个图标放在按钮上 JButton button = new JButton(); button.setIcon(icon); button.setToolTipText("图片按钮"); //add container.add(button); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,300); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JButtonDemo01(); }}- 单选按钮
package Swing;import java.awt.*;import .URL;import javax.swing.*;public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame { public JButtonDemo02(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //将一个图片变成图标 URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("../Swing/result.png"); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //单选框 JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01"); JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02"); JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03"); //由于单选框中只能选择一个,分组,一组中只能选择一个 ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup(); group.add(radioButton1); group.add(radioButton2); group.add(radioButton3); container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER); container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,300); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JButtonDemo02(); }}- 复选按钮
package Swing;import java.awt.*;import .URL;import javax.swing.*;public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame { public JButtonDemo03(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //将一个图片变成图标 URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("../Swing/result.png"); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //多选框 JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBox01"); JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBox02"); container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,300); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JButtonDemo03(); }}3.6.列表
- 下拉框
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame { public TestComboboxDemo01(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); JComboBox status = new JComboBox(); status.addItem(null); status.addItem("正在热映"); status.addItem("已下架"); status.addItem("即将上映"); container.add(status); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestComboboxDemo01(); }}- 列表框
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.util.Vector;class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame { public TestComboboxDemo02(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //生成列表内容 //String[] contents = {"1","2","3"}; Vector contents = new Vector(); //列表中需要放入内容 JList jList = new JList(contents); contents.add("zzk"); contents.add("zzj"); contents.add("zzh"); container.add(jList); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestComboboxDemo02(); }}- 应用场景
- 选择地区,或者一些单个选项
- 列表,展示信息,一般是动态扩容!
3.7文本框
- 文本框
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame { public TestTextDemo01(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); JTextField textField = new JTextField("hello"); JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20); container.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestTextDemo01(); }}- 密码框
package Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;public class TestTextDemo03 extends JFrame { public TestTextDemo03(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();//默认.... passwordField.setEchoChar('*'); container.add(passwordField); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestTextDemo03(); }}- 文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50);textArea.setText("JAVAGUI学习");4.贪吃蛇
帧,如果时间足够小,就是动画,一秒30帧,60帧.连起来是动画,拆开就是静态的图片!
键盘监听
定时器Timer
核心步骤:
- 定义数据
- 画上去
- 监听事件
键盘
事件
5.总结
- AWT用来实现监听
- Swing用来画界面
















