在分布式系统中,各个服务可能处于不同主机,但是服务之间不可避免的需要相互调用,这个称为远程调用。
之前我们在项目的开发过程中,只需要创建一个工程,将所有功能放入一个项目进行开发,管理,变异,测试,打包。
所以以前的项目都被称为单体架构 。
但由于单体架构存在明显的缺陷,这时我们需要用到分布式系统。
远程过程调用(RPC):RPC是由Sun发明的远程过程调用协议,是第一种真正的分布式应用模型。
RPC远程调用框架:
(1)RMI实现
(2)Hessian
(3)thrift
(4)SpringCloud
(5) Dubbo
下面我们将使用socket原生的httpclient进行远程调用,具体案例代码如下:
一:eureka的服务端配置
1.创建一个工程,在该工程下创建三个module
2.在eureka-server中导入eureka的依赖
<properties>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
3.spring boot启动类上加入@EnableEurekaServer
package com.zyc.server;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
4.配置eureka服务端
application.properties
#eureka的服务端
server.port=8888
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
#客户端调用eureka服务端的url
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
# eureka server 没必要自己把自己注册上去,所以可以设置成 false
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
# 是否从Eureka Server上获取注册信息,默认为true,此处建议修改成 false
# (单机设置的意义不大,如果设置成 true 启动会去抓取一次注册表,获取不到更新缓存就会出错(该错误不影响 eureka 正常使用))
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
5.在浏览器访问http:localhost:8888,出现如下页面:
二:eureka的客户端的配置
1.加入eureka客户端依赖
<properties>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
2.spring boot启动类上加入@EnableEurekaClient
ServiceOrderApplication
package com.zyc.order;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceOrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceOrderApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced //负载均衡 ribbon
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();//httpClient
}
}
注意:RestTemplate进行远程调用在RestTemplate的Bean注解上加入
@LoadBalanced 负载均衡 ribbon ,否者远程调用无法根据服务的名称找到服务
ServiceProductApplication
package com.zyc.product;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceProductApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceProductApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.配置eureka客户端
application.properties(product):
server.port=8081
#需要配置到eurekaserver的服务名称
spring.application.name=service-product
#服务注册到eureka注册中心的地址
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8888/eureka/
###因为该应用为服务提供者,是eureka的一个客户端,需要注册到注册中心
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=true
###是否需要从eureka上检索服务
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true
application.yml(order):
#注册中心地址
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
spring:
application:
name: service-order
4.远程调用
OrderService
package com.zyc.order.service;
import com.zyc.order.entity.Order;
import com.zyc.order.entity.Product;
import com.zyc.order.entity.Order;
import com.zyc.order.entity.Product;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.Arrays;
@Service
public class OrderService {
// Spring框架对RESTful方式的http请求做了封装,来简化操作 (底层 httpClient)
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
public Order createOrder(){
//1.创建订单对象
Order order= new Order();
order.setOid(100010);
order.setUid(3309);
//2.调用商品服务--查询所有商品的信息----
//Product[] productArray = restTemplate.getForObject("http://127.0.0.1:8081/product", Product[].class);
Product[] productArray = restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-product/product", Product[].class);
order.setProductList(Arrays.asList(productArray));
//2.返回
return order;
}
}
OrderController
package com.zyc.order.controller;
import com.zyc.order.entity.Order;
import com.zyc.order.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
@PostMapping
public Order create(){
Order order = orderService.createOrder();
return order;
}
}
ProductController
package com.zyc.product.controller;
import com.zyc.product.entity.Product;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@RestController //http+restful+json
@RequestMapping("/product")
public class ProductController {
@GetMapping
public List<Product> list() {
List<Product> products = getDateFromDB();
return products;
}
private List<Product> getDateFromDB() {
List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
products.add(new Product(1, "豹纹围巾", new BigDecimal("99.9")));
products.add(new Product(2, "豹纹袜子", new BigDecimal("9.9")));
products.add(new Product(3, "豹纹手套", new BigDecimal("89.9")));
products.add(new Product(4, "豹纹鞋子", new BigDecimal("45.9")));
return products;
}
}