android 命令行 工具 android cmd命令行工具

android提供了不少命令行工具,方便我们调试和查看信息.下面是frameworks/base/cmds(android 6.0.1)中的命令.

$ tree cmds -L 1
 cmds
 ├── am
 ├── appops
 ├── app_process
 ├── appwidget
 ├── backup
 ├── bmgr
 ├── bootanimation
 ├── bu
 ├── content
 ├── dpm
 ├── hid
 ├── idmap
 ├── ime
 ├── input
 ├── interrupter
 ├── media
 ├── pm
 ├── requestsync
 ├── screencap
 ├── settings
 ├── sm
 ├── svc
 ├── telecom
 ├── uiautomator
 └── wm

上面每一个目录都是一个/一组命令.其中svc中包括power, data, wifi, usb, nfc这些开关.

这里只列举一些我平时可能用的到的命令(am, appops, ime, input, pm, screencap, settings, svc, uiautomator, wm)来演示.先从简单的开始.

 

ime

ime是和输入法相关的,可以通过它来启用/设置输入法,也可以列出手机中已有的输入法. 

1. $ adb shell ime list -s  
2. com.sohu.inputmethod.sogou/.SogouIME  
3. com.google.android.inputmethod.pinyin/.PinyinIME  
4. com.sohu.inputmethod.sogou.xiaomi/.SogouIME

 

input

input命令可以模拟输入

比如我们想在输入框内输入123

1. adb shell input text 123

注意,要满足几点,首先要聚焦在输入框,另外最好使用原生输入法

 

我们也可以模拟系统按键,比如返回键

1. adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_BACK

我们也可以模拟点击事件,比如点击x=900,y=150

1. $ adb shell input tap 900 150

 

wm

wm命令可以获得分辨率/屏幕密度等

1. $ adb shell wm size  
2. Physical size: 1080x1920  
3. $ adb shell wm density  
4. Physical density: 480

还可以修改显示输入图像的比例,不过不知道有什么用,大家可以试试这个命令.

1. $ wm overscan 10,10,100,100
2. $ wm overscan reset

试过之后记得执行reset

 

screencap

screencap用来截屏

1. $ adb shell screencap -h  
2. usage: screencap [-hp] [-d display-id] [FILENAME]  
3.    -h: this message  
4.    -p: save the file as a png.  
5. 0.  
6. If FILENAME ends with .png it will be saved as a png.  
7. If FILENAME is not given, the results will be printed to stdout.

我们可以直接将截屏保存到电脑中

1. $ adb shell screencap -p | sed 's/\r$//'

也可以将截图保存到sd卡中

1. $ adb shell 'cd sdcard; screencap -p screen.png'
2. $ adb shell ls -l sdcard/screen.png  
3. -rw-rw---- root     sdcard_rw   197116 2016-06-21 11:49

 

uiautomator

uiautomator可以用来做UI测试,也可以dump出当前UI结构.如果觉得hierarchy不好用,也可以试试这个命令.只不过结果是xml形式,信息也很全.

1. $ adb shell uiautomator   
2. Usage: uiautomator <subcommand> [options]  
3.   
4. Available subcommands:  
5.   
6. help: displays help message  
7.   
8. runtest: executes UI automation tests  
9.     runtest <class spec> [options]  
10.     <class spec>: <JARS> < -c <CLASSES> | -e class <CLASSES> >  
11.       <JARS>: a list of jar files containing test classes and dependencies. If  
12.         the path is relative, it's assumed to be under /data/local/tmp. Use  
13.         absolute path if the file is elsewhere. Multiple files can be  
14.         specified, separated by space.  
15.       <CLASSES>: a list of test class names to run, separated by comma. To  
16.         a single method, use TestClass#testMethod format. The -e or -c option  
17.         may be repeated. This option is not required and if not provided then  
18.         all the tests in provided jars will be run automatically.  
19.     options:  
20.       --nohup: trap SIG_HUP, so test won't terminate even if parent process  
21.                is terminated, e.g. USB is disconnected.  
22.       -e debug [true|false]: wait for debugger to connect before starting.  
23.       -e runner [CLASS]: use specified test runner class instead. If  
24.         unspecified, framework default runner will be used.  
25.       -e <NAME> <VALUE>: other name-value pairs to be passed to test classes.  
26.         May be repeated.  
27.       -e outputFormat simple | -s: enabled less verbose JUnit style output.  
28.   
29. dump: creates an XML dump of current UI hierarchy  
30.     dump [--verbose][file]  
31.       [--compressed]: dumps compressed layout information.  
32.       [file]: the location where the dumped XML should be stored, default is  
33.       /sdcard/window_dump.xml  
34.   
35. events: prints out accessibility events until terminated

dump当前UI结构

1. adb shell uiautomator dump sdcard/test.xml

 

settings

settings可以修改/获取系统设置信息

1. $ adb shell settings   
2. usage:  settings [--user NUM] get namespace key  
3.         settings [--user NUM] put namespace key value  
4.         settings [--user NUM] delete namespace key  
5.         settings [--user NUM] list namespace  
6.   
7. 'namespace'
8. If '--user NUM'

比如我们想查看android_id

1. $ adb shell settings get secure android_id  
2. 1dbbe170f8995d89

查看wifi状态

1. $ adb shell settings get global wifi_on  
2. 1

查看日期是否是24小时制

1. $ adb shell settings get system time_12_24  
2. 24

 

svc

power, data, wifi, usb, nfc,可以控制其开关

例如:

1. $ svc wifi  
2. svc wifi  
3. Control the Wi-Fi manager  
4.    
5. usage: svc wifi [enable|disable]  
6.          Turn Wi-Fi on or off.

控制移动网络数据开关

1. $ adb shell svc data disable  
2. $ adb shell svc data enable

 

appops

appops可以查看/修改权限相关信息

1. $ adb shell appops get com.android.phone   
2. VIBRATE: allow; time=+1d3h57m1s111ms ago; duration=+63ms  
3. READ_CONTACTS: allow; time=+2h10m59s285ms ago  
4. READ_SMS: allow; time=+2h10m49s858ms ago  
5. WRITE_SMS: allow; time=+3m46s339ms ago  
6. READ_ICC_SMS: allow; time=+2h10m49s859ms ago  
7. WRITE_CLIPBOARD: allow; time=+10d2h24m17s819ms ago  
8. WAKE_LOCK: allow; time=+5s122ms ago; duration=+14ms  
9. READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: allow; time=+14h31m4s898ms ago  
10. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: allow; time=+14h31m4s898ms ago  
11.   
12. $ adb shell appops get com.android.phone READ_CONTACTS  
13. READ_CONTACTS: allow; time=+2h28m33s274ms ago

 

am和pm这两个命令应该算是最复杂也是最常用的了.我们可以通过am启动页面,发送广播等,可以通过pm列出手机中的app,启用禁用app等.当然有一些是需要root权限的.这里就不再介绍了.

android手机中的命令行工具不只这些,在frameworks/native/cmds中也有一些命令,比如我们常用的dumpsys,在我之前的blog中也介绍过.

 

了解了这些工具,我们就可以写一些脚本来获取手机和app信息, 省去了log也方便查看和调试.