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最近，有小伙伴出去面试，面试官问了这样的一个问题：如何查询和删除MySQL中重复的记录？相信对于这样一个问题，有不少小伙伴会一脸茫然。那么，我们如何来完美的回答这个问题呢？今天，我们就一起来探讨下这个经典的MySQL面试题。

问题分析

对于标题中的问题，有两种理解。第一种理解为将标题的问题拆分为两个问题，分别为：如何查询MySQL中的重复记录？如何删除MySQL中的重复记录？另一种理解为：如何查询并删除MySQL中的重复记录？

没关系，不管怎么理解，我们今天都要搞定它！！

为了小伙伴们更好的理解如何在实际工作中解决遇到的类似问题。这里，我就不简单的回答标题的问题了，而是以SQL语句来实现各种场景下，查询和删除MySQL数据库中的重复记录。

问题解决

查找重复记录

1、查找全部重复记录

select * from 表 where 重复字段 in (select 重复字段 from 表 group by 重复字段 having count(*)>1)

select * from 表 where 重复字段 in (select 重复字段 from 表 group by 重复字段 having count(*)>1)

2、过滤重复记录(只显示一条)

select * from HZT Where ID In (select max(ID) from HZT group by Title)

select * from HZT Where ID In (select max(ID) from HZT group by Title)

注：此处显示ID最大一条记录。

删除重复记录

1、删除全部重复记录(慎用)

delete 表 where 重复字段 in (select 重复字段 from 表 group by 重复字段 having count(*)>1)

delete 表 where 重复字段 in (select 重复字段 from 表 group by 重复字段 having count(*)>1)

2、保留一条(这个应该是大多数人所需要的 ^_^)

delete HZT where ID not In (select max(ID) from HZT group by Title)

delete HZT where ID not In (select max(ID) from HZT group by Title)

注：此处保留ID最大一条记录。

三、举例

1、查找表中多余的重复记录，重复记录是根据单个字段(peopleId)来判断

select * from people where peopleId in (select peopleId from people group by peopleId having count(peopleId) > 1)

select * from people where peopleId in (select peopleId from people group by peopleId having count(peopleId) > 1)

2、删除表中多余的重复记录，重复记录是根据单个字段(peopleId)来判断，只留有rowid最小的记录

delete from people where peopleId in (select peopleId from people group by peopleId having count(peopleId) > 1) and rowid not in (select min(rowid) from people group by peopleId having count(peopleId )>1)

delete from people where peopleId in (select peopleId from people group by peopleId having count(peopleId) > 1) and rowid not in (select min(rowid) from people group by peopleId having count(peopleId )>1)

3、查找表中多余的重复记录(多个字段)

select * from vitae a where (a.peopleId,a.seq) in (select peopleId,seq from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1)

select * from vitae a where (a.peopleId,a.seq) in (select peopleId,seq from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1)

4、删除表中多余的重复记录(多个字段)，只留有rowid最小的记录

delete from vitae a where (a.peopleId,a.seq) in (select peopleId,seq from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1) and rowid not in (select min(rowid) from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*)>1)

delete from vitae a where (a.peopleId,a.seq) in (select peopleId,seq from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1) and rowid not in (select min(rowid) from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*)>1)

5、查找表中多余的重复记录(多个字段)，不包含rowid最小的记录

select * from vitae a where (a.peopleId,a.seq) in (select peopleId,seq from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1) and rowid not in (select min(rowid) from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*)>1)

select * from vitae a where (a.peopleId,a.seq) in (select peopleId,seq from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1) and rowid not in (select min(rowid) from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*)>1)

四、补充

有两个以上的重复记录，一是完全重复的记录，也即所有字段均重复的记录，二是部分关键字段重复的记录，比如Name字段重复，而其他字段不一定重复或都重复可以忽略。

1、对于第一种重复，比较容易解决，使用

select distinct * from tableName

select distinct * from tableName

就可以得到无重复记录的结果集。

如果该表需要删除重复的记录(重复记录保留1条)，可以按以下方法删除

select distinct * into #Tmp from tableName
drop table tableName
select * into tableName from #Tmp
drop table #Tmp

select distinct * into #Tmp from tableName
drop table tableName
select * into tableName from #Tmp
drop table #Tmp

发生这种重复的原因是表设计不周产生的，增加唯一索引列即可解决。

2、这类重复问题通常要求保留重复记录中的第一条记录，操作方法如下 。

假设有重复的字段为Name,Address，要求得到这两个字段唯一的结果集

select identity(int,1,1) as autoID, * into #Tmp from tableName
select min(autoID) as autoID into #Tmp2 from #Tmp group by Name,autoID
select * from #Tmp where autoID in(select autoID from #tmp2)

select identity(int,1,1) as autoID, * into #Tmp from tableName
select min(autoID) as autoID into #Tmp2 from #Tmp group by Name,autoID
select * from #Tmp where autoID in(select autoID from #tmp2)