文章目录

  • Nginx简介
  • 反向代理
  • 在Mac上安装Ngnix
  • Nginx启动或关闭过程中的问题
  • Tomcat + Nginx
  • 需求
  • 启动tomcat
  • 启动nginx
  • 配置文件
  • 拦截部分
  • 拦截一
  • 拦截二
  • 结果展示
  • Nginx负载均衡
  • 需求
  • 启动tomcat
  • 启动nginx
  • 配置文件
  • 域名和IP地址映射
  • upstream字段
  • 拦截
  • 结果展示


Nginx简介

是异步框架的 Web服务器，也可以用作反向代理，负载平衡器 和 HTTP缓存。该软件由 Igor Sysoev 创建，并于2004年首次公开发布。[6] 同名公司成立于2011年，以提供支持。

反向代理

用户访问代理服务器，从代理服务器访问后台的服务器，如图：

在Mac上安装Ngnix

参考链接：mac下nginx的安装和配置

Nginx启动或关闭过程中的问题

如果stop报如下错误：

nginx: [error] open() "/usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory)

尝试reload报如下错误：

nginx: [error] open() "/usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory)

启动nginx报：

[emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:8080 failed (48: Address already in use)

总之就是死循环，可以尝试使用

sudo lsof -i -P | grep -i "80" 找到nginx的进程号，给它杀死

例如

nginx和host文件 nginx directio_反向代理


使用kill 26166 即可杀死，之后重新使用nginx启动即可

Tomcat + Nginx

需求

监听url，跳转到tomcat中

启动tomcat

略

启动nginx

略

配置文件

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
        location = /yaoyan {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        }


        location ~ \.jsp$ {
            index index.jsp;
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        }


        location ~ \.(html|js|css|gif|jpg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
            root /Users/xiehanchao/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.92/webapps/ROOT;
        }   
        
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html; 
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;    
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
    include servers/*;
}

拦截部分

location后面的内容可以拦截网址，也可以加入正则表达式

拦截一

一文弄懂Nginx的location匹配

location = /yaoyan {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        }

nginx和host文件 nginx directio_反向代理_02


可以在tomcat的ROOT目录中创建yaoyan.html

在网页中访问链接，即可进行反向代理

//监听端口号
listen       80;
//对应url地址
server_name  localhost;

nginx和host文件 nginx directio_nginx_03

拦截二

输入localhost:80/index.jsp反向代理到localhost:8080/index.jsp

location ~ \.jsp$ {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        }

		//这个拦截目的是为了tomcat里面的图片资源可以正常进行加载
        location ~ \.(html|js|css|gif|jpg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
            root /Users/xiehanchao/Downloads/apache-tomcat-7.0.92/webapps/ROOT;
        }

结果展示

nginx和host文件 nginx directio_html_04

Nginx负载均衡

需求

浏览器输入 http://www.wenrouqizhinichaoge.com:80 跳转到tomcat首页

启动tomcat

略

启动nginx

略

配置文件

#user  root;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;


    upstream balance_server {
        server 172.24.55.10:8080;
    }

    server {

        listen       80;
        server_name  www.wenrouqizhinichaoge.com;
        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
        location / {
            index index.jsp;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
            proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_pass http://balance_server;
        }


        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html; 
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;    
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
    include servers/*;
}

域名和IP地址映射

cd /private/etc/目录

vim hosts

在文件的末尾添加一条

nginx和host文件 nginx directio_tomcat_05

upstream字段

该字段为反向代理的服务器名称，我写的是我ip地址

upstream balance_server {
        server 172.24.55.10:8080;
    }

拦截

listen       80;
        server_name  www.wenrouqizhinichaoge.com;
location / {
            index index.jsp;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
            proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
            proxy_redirect off;
            proxy_pass http://balance_server;
        }

结果展示

nginx和host文件 nginx directio_反向代理_06