今日学习任务:学习Android广播事件机制,并实现简单的定时提醒功能
涉及的主要内容:1) AlarmManager 和 PendingIntent 2) BroadReceiver 3) Notification and NotificationManager
1.Android广播事件机制
Android的广播事件处理类似于普通的事件处理。不同之处在于,后者是靠点击按钮这样的组件行为来触发,而前者是通过构建Intent对象,使用sentBroadcast()方法来发起一个系统级别的事件广播来传递信息。广播事件的接收是通过定义一个继承Broadcast Receiver的类实现的,继承该类后覆盖其onReceive()方法,在该方法中响应事件。Android系统中定义了很多标准的Broadcast Action来响应系统广播事件。例如:ACTION_TIME_CHANGED(时间改变时触发)。但是,我们也可以自己定义Broadcast Receiver接收广播事件。
2.实现简单的定时提醒功能
主要包括三部分部分:
1) 定时 - 通过定义Activity发出广播
2) 接收广播 - 通过实现BroadcastReceiver接收广播
3) 提醒 - 并通过Notification提醒用户
现在我们来具体实现这三部分:
2.1 如何定时,从而发出广播呢?
现在的手机都有闹钟的功能,我们可以利用系统提供的闹钟功能,来定时,即发出广播。具体地,在Android开发中可以用AlarmManager来实现。
AlarmManager 提供了一种系统级的提示服务,允许你安排在某个时间执行某一个服务。
AlarmManager的使用步骤说明如下:
AlarmManager对象一般不直接实例化,而是通过Context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVIECE) 方法获得
2)定义一个PendingIntent来发出广播。
3)调用AlarmManager的相关方法,设置定时、重复提醒等功能。
ReminderSetting.java):
package com.Reminder;
import
java.util.Calendar;
import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.app.AlarmManager;
import
android.app.PendingIntent;
import
android.content.Intent;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.widget.Button;
/**
* trigger the Broadcast event and set the alarm
*/
public
class
ReminderSetting
extends
Activity {
Button btnEnable;
/**
Called when the activity is first created.
*/
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
/*
create a button. When you click the button, the alarm clock is enabled
*/
btnEnable
=
(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnEnable);
btnEnable.setOnClickListener(
new
View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onClick(View v) {
setReminder(
true
);
}
});
}
/**
* Set the alarm
*
*
@param
b whether enable the Alarm clock or not
*/
private
void
setReminder(
boolean
b) {
//
get the AlarmManager instance
AlarmManager am
=
(AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
//
create a PendingIntent that will perform a broadcast
PendingIntent pi
=
PendingIntent.getBroadcast(ReminderSetting.
this
,
0
,
new
Intent(
this
,MyReceiver.
class
),
0
);
if
(b){
//
just use current time as the Alarm time.
Calendar c
=
Calendar.getInstance();
//
schedule an alarm
am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, c.getTimeInMillis(), pi);
}
else
{
//
cancel current alarm
am.cancel(pi);
}
}
}
2.2 接收广播
package com.Reminder;
import
android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import
android.content.Context;
import
android.content.Intent;
/**
* Receive the broadcast and start the activity that will show the alarm
*/
public
class
MyReceiver
extends
BroadcastReceiver {
/**
* called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving an Intent broadcast.
*/
@Override
public
void
onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
/*
start another activity - MyAlarm to display the alarm
*/
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
intent.setClass(context, MyAlarm.
class
);
context.startActivity(intent);
}
}
注意:创建完BroadcastReceiver后,需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注册:
<receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name= "com.Reminder.MyReceiver" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
2.3 提醒功能
新建一个Activity,我们在这个Activity中通过Android的Notification对象来提醒用户。我们将添加提示音,一个TextView来显示提示内容和并一个button来取消提醒。
其中,创建Notification主要包括:
1)获得系统级得服务NotificationManager,通过 Context.getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)获得。
2)实例化Notification对象,并设置各种我们需要的属性,比如:设置声音。
3)调用NotificationManager的notify()方法显示Notification
详细代码如下:MyAlarm.java
package com.Reminder;
import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.app.Notification;
import
android.app.NotificationManager;
import
android.net.Uri;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.provider.MediaStore.Audio;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.widget.Button;
import
android.widget.TextView;
/**
* Display the alarm information
*/
public
class
MyAlarm
extends
Activity {
/**
* An identifier for this notification unique within your application
*/
public
static
final
int
NOTIFICATION_ID
=
1
;
@Override
protected
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.my_alarm);
//
create the instance of NotificationManager
final
NotificationManager nm
=
(NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
//
create the instance of Notification
Notification n
=
new
Notification();
/*
set the sound of the alarm. There are two way of setting the sound
*/
//
n.sound=Uri.parse("file:
//
/sdcard/alarm.mp3");
n.sound
=
Uri.withAppendedPath(Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
"
20
"
);
//
Post a notification to be shown in the status bar
nm.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, n);
/*
display some information
*/
TextView tv
=
(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tvNotification);
tv.setText(
"
Hello, it's time to bla bla...
"
);
/*
the button by which you can cancel the alarm
*/
Button btnCancel
=
(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnCancel);
btnCancel.setOnClickListener(
new
View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public
void
onClick(View arg0) {
nm.cancel(NOTIFICATION_ID);
finish();
}
});
}
}