今日学习任务:学习Android广播事件机制,并实现简单的定时提醒功能

涉及的主要内容:1) AlarmManager 和 PendingIntent 2) BroadReceiver 3) Notification and NotificationManager

 

  1.Android广播事件机制

     Android的广播事件处理类似于普通的事件处理。不同之处在于,后者是靠点击按钮这样的组件行为来触发,而前者是通过构建Intent对象,使用sentBroadcast()方法来发起一个系统级别的事件广播来传递信息。广播事件的接收是通过定义一个继承Broadcast Receiver的类实现的,继承该类后覆盖其onReceive()方法,在该方法中响应事件。Android系统中定义了很多标准的Broadcast Action来响应系统广播事件。例如:ACTION_TIME_CHANGED(时间改变时触发)。但是,我们也可以自己定义Broadcast Receiver接收广播事件。

  2.实现简单的定时提醒功能

     主要包括三部分部分: 

     1) 定时 - 通过定义Activity发出广播

     2) 接收广播 - 通过实现BroadcastReceiver接收广播

     3)   提醒 - 并通过Notification提醒用户

     现在我们来具体实现这三部分: 

     2.1 如何定时,从而发出广播呢?

       现在的手机都有闹钟的功能,我们可以利用系统提供的闹钟功能,来定时,即发出广播。具体地,在Android开发中可以用AlarmManager来实现。

       AlarmManager 提供了一种系统级的提示服务,允许你安排在某个时间执行某一个服务。

       AlarmManager的使用步骤说明如下:

AlarmManager对象一般不直接实例化,而是通过Context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVIECE) 方法获得

       2)定义一个PendingIntent来发出广播。

       3)调用AlarmManager的相关方法,设置定时、重复提醒等功能。 

ReminderSetting.java):


package com.Reminder;
 
    import 
     java.util.Calendar;

 
    import 
     android.app.Activity;
 
    import 
     android.app.AlarmManager;
 
    import 
     android.app.PendingIntent;
 
    import 
     android.content.Intent;
 
    import 
     android.os.Bundle;
 
    import 
     android.view.View;
 
    import 
     android.widget.Button;

 
    /** 
    
  * trigger the Broadcast event and set the alarm
   
    */ 
    
 
    public 
      
    class 
     ReminderSetting  
    extends 
     Activity {
     
     Button btnEnable;
     
      
    /** 
     Called when the activity is first created.  
    */ 
    
     @Override
      
    public 
      
    void 
     onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          
    super 
    .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.layout.main);
         
          
    /* 
     create a button. When you click the button, the alarm clock is enabled  
    */ 
    
         btnEnable 
    = 
    (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnEnable);
         btnEnable.setOnClickListener( 
    new 
     View.OnClickListener() {
             @Override
              
    public 
      
    void 
     onClick(View v) {
                 setReminder( 
    true 
    );
             }
         });
     }
     
      
    /** 
    
      * Set the alarm 
      * 
      *  
    @param 
     b whether enable the Alarm clock or not 
       
    */ 
    
      
    private 
      
    void 
     setReminder( 
    boolean 
     b) {
         
          
    // 
     get the AlarmManager instance  
    
 
            AlarmManager am 
    = 
     (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
          
    // 
     create a PendingIntent that will perform a broadcast 
    
 
            PendingIntent pi 
    = 
     PendingIntent.getBroadcast(ReminderSetting. 
    this 
    ,  
    0 
    ,  
    new 
     Intent( 
    this 
    ,MyReceiver. 
    class 
    ),  
    0 
    );
         
          
    if 
    (b){
              
    // 
     just use current time as the Alarm time.  
    
 
                Calendar c 
    = 
    Calendar.getInstance();
              
    // 
     schedule an alarm 
    
 
                am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, c.getTimeInMillis(), pi);
         }
          
    else 
    {
              
    // 
     cancel current alarm 
    
 
                am.cancel(pi);
         }
         
     }
 }

      2.2 接收广播


  



package com.Reminder;
 
    import 
     android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 
    import 
     android.content.Context;
 
    import 
     android.content.Intent;

 
    /** 
    
  * Receive the broadcast and start the activity that will show the alarm
   
    */ 
    
 
    public 
      
    class 
     MyReceiver  
    extends 
     BroadcastReceiver {

      
    /** 
    
      * called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving an Intent broadcast.
       
    */ 
    
     @Override
      
    public 
      
    void 
     onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
         
          
    /* 
     start another activity - MyAlarm to display the alarm  
    */ 
    
         intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
         intent.setClass(context, MyAlarm. 
    class 
    );
         context.startActivity(intent);
         
     }

 } 
       
  
    注意:创建完BroadcastReceiver后,需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注册:

 
  
 
    <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver"> 
   
 
   
<intent-filter> 
         <action android:name= "com.Reminder.MyReceiver" /> 
     </intent-filter> 
  </receiver>
 
      2.3 提醒功能 
  
       新建一个Activity,我们在这个Activity中通过Android的Notification对象来提醒用户。我们将添加提示音,一个TextView来显示提示内容和并一个button来取消提醒。
      其中,创建Notification主要包括: 
       1)获得系统级得服务NotificationManager,通过 Context.getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)获得。
       2)实例化Notification对象,并设置各种我们需要的属性,比如:设置声音。
       3)调用NotificationManager的notify()方法显示Notification
      详细代码如下:MyAlarm.java
 
  
package com.Reminder;
 
    import 
     android.app.Activity;
 
    import 
     android.app.Notification;
 
    import 
     android.app.NotificationManager;
 
    import 
     android.net.Uri;
 
    import 
     android.os.Bundle;
 
    import 
     android.provider.MediaStore.Audio;
 
    import 
     android.view.View;
 
    import 
     android.widget.Button;
 
    import 
     android.widget.TextView;

 
    /** 
    
  * Display the alarm information 
   
    */ 
    
 
    public 
      
    class 
     MyAlarm  
    extends 
     Activity {

      
    /** 
    
      * An identifier for this notification unique within your application
       
    */ 
    
      
    public 
      
    static 
      
    final 
      
    int 
     NOTIFICATION_ID 
    = 
    1 
    ; 
     
     @Override
      
    protected 
      
    void 
     onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
           
    super 
    .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
          setContentView(R.layout.my_alarm);
         
          
    // 
     create the instance of NotificationManager 
    
 
             
    final 
     NotificationManager nm 
    = 
    (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
          
    // 
     create the instance of Notification 
    
 
            Notification n 
    = 
    new 
     Notification();
          
    /* 
     set the sound of the alarm. There are two way of setting the sound  
    */ 
    
            
    // 
     n.sound=Uri.parse("file: 
    // 
    /sdcard/alarm.mp3"); 
    
 
            n.sound 
    = 
    Uri.withAppendedPath(Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,  
    " 
    20 
    " 
    );
          
    // 
     Post a notification to be shown in the status bar 
    
 
            nm.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, n);
         
          
    /* 
     display some information  
    */ 
    
         TextView tv 
    = 
    (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tvNotification);
         tv.setText( 
    " 
    Hello, it's time to bla bla... 
    " 
    );
         
          
    /* 
     the button by which you can cancel the alarm  
    */ 
    
         Button btnCancel 
    = 
    (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnCancel);
         btnCancel.setOnClickListener( 
    new 
     View.OnClickListener() {
             
             @Override
              
    public 
      
    void 
     onClick(View arg0) {
                 nm.cancel(NOTIFICATION_ID);
                 finish();
             }
         });
     }
     
 }