消息队列
Message queue 释义
服务之间最常见的通信方式是直接调用彼此来通信 , 消息从一端发出后立即就可以达到另一端 , 称为即时消息通讯 ( 同步通信 )
消息从某一端发出后 , 首先进入一个容器进行临时存储 , 当达到某种条件后 , 再由这个容器发送给另一端 , 称为延迟消息通讯 ( 异步通信 )
消息队列相关
AMQP
一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级消息队列协议 , 是一个通用的应用层协议
消息发送与接受的双方遵守这个协议可以实现异步通讯 . 这个协议约定了消息的格式和工作方式 .
RabbitMq
RabbitMQ是一个实现了AMQP(Advanced Message Queuing Protocol)高级消息队列协议的消息队列服务,用Erlang语言.
Server(Broker): 接收客户端连接 , 实现 AMQP 协议的消息队列和路由功能的进程 .
Virtual Host :虚拟主机的概念 , 类似权限控制组 , 一个 Virtual Host 里可以有多个 Exchange 和 Queue.
Exchange: 交换机 , 接收生产者发送的消息 , 并根据 Routing Key 将消息路由到服务器中的队列 Queue.
ExchangeType: 交换机类型决定了路由消息行为 ,RabbitMQ 中有三种类型 Exchange, 分别是 fanout 、 direct 、 topic.
Message Queue :消息队列 , 用于存储还未被消费者消费的消息 .
Message :由 Header 和 body 组成 ,Header 是由生产者添加的各种属性的集合 , 包括 Message 是否被持久化、优先级是多少、由哪个 Message Queue 接收等 .body 是真正需要发送的数据内
容 .
BindingKey :绑定关键字 , 将一个特定的 Exchange 和一个特定的 Queue 绑定起来
Docker安装部署RabbitMQ
docker pull rabbitmq:management
注意获取镜像的时候要获取 management 版本的 , 不要获取 last 版本的 ,management 版本的才带有管理界面
没有raabitmq文件夹的话新建一个
mkdir rabittmq
docker run -d --name my-rabbitmq -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 -v /home/rabbitmq:/var/lib/rabbitmq --hostname my-rabbitmq-host -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=my_vhost -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin --restart=always rabbitmq:management
--hostname :主机名 (RabbitMQ 的一个重要注意事项是它根据所谓的 “ 节点名称 ” 存储数据 , 默认为主机名 )
-e :指定环境变量 :
RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST :默认虚拟机名
RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER :默认的用户名
RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS :默认用户名的密码
springboot连接配置
添加一个新账户并添加权限
springboot项目搭建
父项目
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modules>
<module>provider</module>
<module>comsuner</module>
</modules>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitMQ</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.4.1</spring-boot.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
provider
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>rabbitMQ</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.smy</groupId>
<artifactId>provider</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>provider</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.smy.provider.ProviderApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
comsuner
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>rabbitMQ</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.smy</groupId>
<artifactId>comsuner</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>comsuner</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.smy.comsuner.ComsunerApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
还要导一个依赖 连接消息列的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
生产者 Provider
新建俩个类
RabbitConfig
package com.smy.provider;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class RabbitConfig {
@Bean
public Queue firstQueue() {
return new Queue("firstQueue");
}
}
Sender
package com.smy.provider;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class Sender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void sendFirst() {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("firstQueue", "Hello World");
}
//
// public void sendFirst(User user) {
// rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("firstQueue", user);
// }
// public void sendFirst(String json) {
// rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("firstQueue", json);
// }
}
编写测试类
package com.smy.provider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
class ProviderApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Sender sender;
@Test
void contextLoads() {
sender.sendFirst();
// sender.sendFirst(new User("aa","bb"));
// User user = new User("aa", "bb");
//转json
// ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//
// try {
// sender.sendFirst(mapper.writeValueAsString(user));
// } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
}
}
消费者 Consumer
创建一个类 (接收者)
package com.smy.comsuner;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Slf4j
@RabbitListener(queues = "firstQueue")
public class Receiver {
// @RabbitHandler
// public void process(String json) throws JsonProcessingException {
// log.warn("接收到:" + json);
// //json转对象
// ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
// User user = mapper.readValue(json, User.class);
// log.warn("接收到:" + user);
// }
@RabbitHandler public void process(String msg) { log.warn("接收到:" + msg); }
}
开启启动类
传入user数据
public void sendFirst(User user) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("firstQueue", user);
}
provider
user类
package com.smy.provider;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String userpwd;
}
生产者会报错 实现序列化接口就好了(implements)
SimpleMessageConverter only supports String, byte[] and Serializable payloads, received: com.smy.provider.User
SimpleMessageConverter仅支持字符串、字节[]和可序列化的有效载荷,接收:com。smy。供应商。使用者
再次测试生产者,测试通过,但是接收者还是报错
解决办法:
1.写一个公共类dto把user放里面
2.把user转成json发送,接收者接收json在转成对象
provider
ProviderApplicationTests
运行测试类发送数据
package com.smy.provider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
class ProviderApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Sender sender;
@Test
void contextLoads() {
// sender.sendFirst();
// sender.sendFirst(new User("aa","bb"));
User user = new User("aa", "bb");
// 转json
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
try {
sender.sendFirst(mapper.writeValueAsString(user));
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
成功接收