Nginx高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器安装
====================================
1:下载
http://nginx.org/en/download.html
ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/
use:
pcre-8.38.tar.gz
nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
2:安装依赖
-----------------------------------
#可先进性更新操作(非必要操作)
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
-----------------------------------
#pcre:支持rewrite功能
tar zxvf pcre-8.38.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.38
./configure
make && make install
man pcre
-----------------------------------
#安装openssl [支持ssl功能]
apt-get install openssl*
-----------------------------------
#gzip 类库安装[支持zlib数据头/压缩数据]
apt-get install zlib*
-----------------------------------
3:解压编译安装
tar zxvf nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.10.3
mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre --with-stream
make && make install
4:用户和组和所属
groupadd nginx
useradd nginx -g nginx -d /usr/local/nginx -s /bin/sh
chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/local/nginx
5:版本和模块(若错误:附录1
)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
----------------------------------
nginx version: nginx/1.10.3
built by gcc 4.8.4 (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.3)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre
6:测试配置文件是否正确(配置文件参考:附录3
)
#建议每次启动检查
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
-------------------
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
7:启动和热启动和停止
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
# 不断开请求的热重启
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
# 重启
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
# 停止服务(主进程退出)
kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
7:启动测试(80端口占用:附录2
)
#进程
ps -ef |grep nginx
#端口,默认80
netstat -tunlp
#web访问,简单页面就ok
http://yournginxip/
---
Welcome to nginx!
附录1:
[Error]:
./nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[Solve]:
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib64
附录2:
#查看80的pid
lsof -i:80
--------------------------
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
aolserver 949 www-data 4u IPv4 9980 0t0 TCP localhost:http (LISTEN)
--------------------------
kill -9 949
附录3:
#nginx所用的用户和组,windows下不指定
user nginx nginx;
#nginx工作的子进程数量(通常等于CPU数量或者CPU的2倍)--每个进程消耗10~12M内存
worker_processes 2;
#nginx错误日志的存放位置和级别
#级别 debug,info,notice,warn,error,crit
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
error_log logs/error.log info;
#nginx的进程id存放地址,启动自动生成
pid logs/nginx.pid;
#一个进程可以打开的最多文件扫描符数目 --执行 ulimit -n 65535后生效
#worker_rlimit_nofile=65535;
events {
#使用网络IO模型linux建议epoll,FreeBSD建议采用kqueue,window下不指定
use epoll;
#允许最大连接数
#nginx: [warn] 4096 worker_connections exceed open file resource limit: 1024
#Nginx中的这些和系统变量有关的,是根据系统中的配置而进行设置的,若大于了系统变量的范围的话,不会生效,会被默认成系统的值,如每个worker进行能够打开的文件数量就被默认成系统的值1024;
worker_connections 5000;
}
http {
###---Http服务器配置
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#定义日志格式 --main为日志格式名称
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" '
'"$gzip_ratio" $request_time $bytes_sent $request_length';
access_log logs/access.log main;
#允许客户端请求的最大的单个文件字节数,nginx上传文件大小限制
client_max_body_size 500M;
#指定来自客户端请求头的headerbuffer的大小 --大多数请求1k足够,自定义消息头或更大的cookie
client_header_buffer_size 512K;
#指定客户端请求较大的消息头的缓存最大数量和大小,4个缓存为128kb
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
#开启高效文件传输模式 --tcp_nopush 和tcp_nodelay 两个设置为on,防止网络阻塞
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
#用于设置客户端连接保持活动的超时时间
keepalive_timeout 65;
#用于设置客户端请求头读取超时时间
client_header_timeout 10;
#用于设置客户端请求主体读取超时时间 --超过这个时间客户端没有发送任何数据 nginx返回Request time out(408)
client_body_timeout 10;
#用于指定相应客户端的超时时间 --仅限于两个连接活动之间的时间
#send_timeout 10;
###---HttpGzip服务器配置 --安装--with-http_gzip_static_module
#设置开启和关闭gzip模块,此处开启gzip压缩,实时压缩输出数据流
gzip on;
#允许压缩的页面最小字节数,页面字节数从header头的Content-Length中获取。默认0,不管页面多大都进行压缩
#建议设置1k的字节数,小于1k可能会越压越大
gzip_min_length 1k;
#申请4个单位为16k的内存作为压缩结果流缓存,默认申请和原始数据同大小的内存空间来存储压缩结果
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
#用于设置识别http协议版本,默认1.1
gzip_http_version 1.1;
#指定gzip压缩比,1压缩比最小,处理速度最快,9压缩比最大,传输速度快,处理速度慢,耗cpu
gzip_comp_level 2;
#用于指定压缩多类型 --无论指定text/html类型总会被压缩
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
#让前段的缓存服务器缓存经过gzip压缩的页面
gzip_vary on;
upstream timespacexstar443 {
#根据ip计算将请求分配各那个后端tomcat,许多人误认为可以解决session问题,其实并不能。
#同一机器在多网情况下,路由切换,ip可能不同
#182.92.184.157
ip_hash;
server 127.0.0.1:7443 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
#server 121.41.80.174:8443 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
}
#include hxwise/prod_hxwise.conf;
#server虚拟主机配置
# HTTP server
server {
#此server虚拟主机的服务器端口
listen 80;
#用于指定ip地址或域名,多个域名逗号隔开
# server_name localhost;
server_name www.timespacexstar.com;
rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.hxwise.com;
proxy_redirect off;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE_HOST $server_name;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://www.hxwise.com:27180; #在/etc/hosts已配置: 36.110.13.137 www.hxwise.com
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
# HTTPS server
server {
# HTTP/2 and SPDY indicator
listen 443 ssl http2;
#server_name localhost;
server_name www.timespacexstar.com;
keepalive_timeout 70;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/rsakey/1_timespacexstar.com_bundle.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/rsakey/2_timespacexstar.com.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
#ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
#ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
charset utf-8;
#客户端通过 SSL 请求过来的访问被反向代理 nginx 接收,nginx 结束了 SSL 并将请求以纯 HTTP 提交 tomcat!
location / {
# root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
#注* server段 proxy_pass定义的web_app需要跟upstream 里面定义的web_app一致,否则server找不到均衡。
proxy_pass https://timespacexstar443;
#expires定义用户浏览器缓存的时间为3天,如果静态页面不常更新,可以设置更长,这样可以节省带宽和缓解服务器的压力
expires 3d;
}
location ^~ /static/{
root /home/data;
proxy_store on;
proxy_store_access user:rw group:rw all:rw;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
client_max_body_size 20m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
proxy_temp_path /home/data;
expires 4d;
}
error_page 404 /404-443.html;
location = /404-443.html{
root /home/data/static/nginx-warmtips/443;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x-443.html;
location = /50x-443.html {
root /home/data/static/nginx-warmtips/443;
}
}
}