前言：
安装/重装系统，U盘启动盘不稳定，建议使用USB-CDROM启动
如果是重装系统，要记录好硬盘的信息和职能：
- fdisk -l
- lsblk
- blkid
- /etc/fstab
- mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdxx
通过以上信息，记录硬盘的职能。找出系统盘，以便重装系统。
另外在安装过程中，要注意raid/lvm的配置。
- raid
- lvm
信息记录后，可以使用 mdadm重新做raid
lsblk:
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 238.5G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 243M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 238.2G 0 part
├─ubuntu--vg-root (dm-0) 252:0 0 222.3G 0 lvm /
└─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 (dm-1) 252:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1 (dm-2) 252:2 0 1.7T 0 dmraid /kitking
sdc 8:32 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1 (dm-2) 252:2 0 1.7T 0 dmraid /kitking
sdd
blkid
/dev/sdb: TYPE="isw_raid_member"
/dev/sdc: TYPE="isw_raid_member"
/dev/sdd: UUID="35a73696-e468-4cc7-b3d5-b8351a7c8896" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sda1: UUID="cd1e8aa4-406d-4758-b40a-28dd8bb5f29a" TYPE="ext2"
/dev/sda5: UUID="nP7BC9-Im2o-cQM0-spZe-WHqI-0age-IsFSQQ" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: UUID="1e20f000-8a03-4f37-a677-5bae02f377ec" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: UUID="f3252a02-78ff-4ac2-b97f-2f76d4b3845a" TYPE="swap"
/dev/mapper/isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1: UUID="250729ac-71a9-4a22-852c-333b168346b9" TYPE="ext3"
df -h
jiangzhaowei@ubuntu:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root 219G 17G 191G 8% /
udev 7.9G 8.0K 7.9G 1% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 6.6M 1.6G 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 7.9G 120K 7.9G 1% /run/shm
cgroup 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 236M 65M 159M 29% /boot
/dev/mapper/isw_bacjgaccea_kkshraid1 1.8T 948G 706G 58% /kitking
/dev/sdd 459G 281G 155G 65% /build_two
cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=cd1e8aa4-406d-4758-b40a-28dd8bb5f29a /boot ext2 defaults 0 2
UUID=250729ac-71a9-4a22-852c-333b168346b9 /kitking ext3 defaults 0 0
UUID=35a73696-e468-4cc7-b3d5-b8351a7c8896 /build_two ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sr0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0
12.04源sources.list
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
16.04源 更新
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
18.04源 更新
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
升级内核12.04.5 LTS：
- 升级之前查看内核版本
uname -a
uname -r
lsb_release -a
2. 升级
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo reboot
3. CA
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates
//添加新的GPGkey，为安装Docker做准备.
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D
4.1 apt-get install 安装方式
deb https:///repo ubuntu-precise main
sudo apt-get update
//清除旧的repo if it exists
//apt-get purge lxc-docker
sudo apt-cache policy docker-engine
sudo apt-get install docker-engine --fix-missing
4.2 手动deb安装方式
//4.2.1 安装依赖包
sudo apt-get install libltdl7 libapparmor1
//4.2.2 安装Docker
sudo dpkg -i Docker_xxx.deb
安装&卸载命令：
查看安装列表：
dpkg --list
ii python2.7 2.7.3-0ubuntu3.9 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7)
ii python2.7-minimal 2.7.3-0ubuntu3.9 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)
ii readline-common 6.2-8 GNU readline and history libraries, common files
ii resolvconf 1.63ubuntu16 name server information handler
ii rsync 3.0.9-1ubuntu1.1 fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
ii rsyslog 5.8.6-1ubuntu8.9 reliable system and kernel logging daemon
ii samba 2:3.6.25-0ubuntu0.12.04.10 SMB/CIFS file, print, and login server for Unix
安装与卸载命令
//安装
sudo apt-get install xxx
//卸载软件并清除配置文件
sudo apt-get --purge remove xxx
//只卸载软件
sudo apt-get remove xxx
添加系统用户：
//添加用户并制定HOME目录
sudo useradd -d /kitking/web_compile -m web_compile
//修改密码
sudo passwd xxx
//将已有用户添加到特定组
usermod -a -G groupname username
//copy
tar cvpzf /backup/mnt/backup.tgz --exclude=./proc --exclude=./lost+found --exclude=./mnt --exclude=./sys --exclude=media ./
cd /kitking/jiangzhaowei/compile/
sudo tar czvpf ./web_compile.tgz /kitking/web_compile/
sudo tar -xvpzf ./web_compile.tgz -C /
//tar 是用来备份的程序
//c - 新建一个备份文档
//v - 详细模式， tar程序将在屏幕上实时输出所有信息。
//p - 保存权限，并应用到所有文件。
//z - 采用‘gzip’压缩备份文件，以减小备份文件体积。
//f - 说明备份文件存放的路径
// 解释：--exclude ,是排除压缩的文件。就是将不需要的文件排除。
// 等待压缩完成。
// 如果不是在本机上的话，要备份原始系统的配置文件，以及新安装系统的启动文件。
//指定路径解压
tar -xvpzf /restore/backsrc/backup.tgz -C /restore/
SAMBA：
sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
//添加密码
sudo smbpasswd -a xxx
数据库迁移：
//Mysql登录
mysql -h localhost -uroot -pxxx
//查看数据库
mysql> show databases
//查看使用端口
mysql> show variables like 'port'
//查看数据库大小
mysql> use information_schema
//查看数据库编码
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
//迁移,注意DB迁移不需要登录mysql,在shell下执行
//1.迁出
mysqldump -uroot -pxxx webCompile > webCompile.sql
mysqldump -uroot -pxxx kkinternal > kkinternal.sql
mysqldump -uroot -pxxx bugtracker > bugtracker.sql
mysqldump -uroot -pxxx db_synergy_cloud > db_synergy_cloud.sql
//2.目标机器新建
mysql> create database webCompileTest
//3.DB迁入
mysql -uroot -pxxxn webCompile < webCompile.sql
//迁出所有数据库,不建议使用全部迁移的方式，因为有些是mysql系统库
mysqldump -u root -p123456 --all-databases > all.sql
mysql -u root -p123456 < "D:\MySQL 5.5\bin\all.sql"
//创建远程授权：
mysql> create user kitking identified by 'rad_xxx';
//all代表接受所有操作，比如 select,insert,delete....; *.* 代表所有库下面的所有表;% 代表这个用户允许从任何地方登录；为了安全期间，这个%可以替换为你允许的ip地址；
grant all privileges on *.* to 'kitking'@'%'identified by 'rad_xxx' with grant option;
//然后刷新mysql用户权限相关表；
flush privileges ;
//修改配置文件 UBUNTU 12.04
1.1、sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
//UBUNTU 18.04
1.2 sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
2、注释掉如下两行：
bind-address=127.0.0.1
skip-network(mysql5.6版本里没有这行)
3、sudo service mysql restart
//跨主机单实例迁移,注意需要在目标机器上先创建数据库
mysqldump -h localhost -uroot -prad_xxx --opt webCompile | mysql -h 192.168.199.110 -ukitking -prad_xxx -C webCompile
修改密码：
格式：mysql> set password for 用户名@localhost = password('新密码');
例子：mysql> set password for root@localhost = password('rad_xxx');
//mysql 5.7注意如下
在安装过程中，不要求设置root密码，安装结束后要求设置
1、sudo mysql_secure_installation //按提示配置，要注意安全策略
2、mysql -uroot -pxxx //登录mysql
3、如果不成功，就是安全策略出了问题，使用sudo mysql 免密登录，配置最低安全检查
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4、查看密码最小长度
mysql> select @@validate_password_length;
5、修改root密码
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=PASSWORD('newPwd'), plugin='mysql_native_password' where user='root';
6、刷新
mysql> flush privileges;
版本控制SVN:
//重启服务器，SVN服务需要手动一下
sudo svnserve -d -r /kitking/SVN
//开机自动开启svn服务，修改/etc/rc.local
sudo vim /etc/rc.local
//添加如下shell:
sudo svnserve -d -r /kitking/SVN
//要注意：保留的仓库，如果新安装的SVN版本与仓库SVN版本不匹配，会有问题，所以在重装系统前，一定好查看SVN版本，并匹配安装：
//如，强制安装SVN1.8如下方式：
//先在终端执行
sudo sh -c 'echo "# WANdisco Open Source Repo" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/WANdisco.list'
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://opensource.wandisco.com/ubuntu precise svn18" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/WANdisco.list'
wget -q http://opensource.wandisco.com/wandisco-debian.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
//然后安装svn
sudo apt-get install subversion
//遇到字符集的问题，可参考
自动启动
12.04 LTS
//rc.local文件
sudo vim /etc/rc.local
svnserve -d -r /kitking/SVN
python -d /kitking/web_compile/websrc_web/trunk/scripts/db.py
python -d /kitking/web_compile/websrc_web/trunk/scripts/db_new.py
java -jar MqttService.jar
18.04LTS参考
手动启动：
nohup java -jar MqttService.jar >output 2>&1 &
安装常用工具：
//默认下载安装包位置：
/var/cache/apt/archives
//可以使用如下命令进行安装：
sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb
sudo apt-get install git-core
sudo apt-get install lrzsz
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
sudo apt-get install openssh-client
sudo apt-get install vim
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
sudo apt-get install apache2
sudo apt-get install maven
sudo apt-get install subversion
sudo apt-get install make
sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install g++
//32为->64为编译库转换：
sudo apt-get install lib32z1-dev
sudo apt-get install -y lib32stdc++6
//web相关：
sudo apt-get install apache2
sudo apt-get install php5
sudo apt-get install php5-gd
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo apt-get install mysql-client
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
//PHP对文件上传大小有限制，修改如下：
sudo vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
//upload_max_filesize = 8M
sudo pip install xlutils
交叉工具链：
RDA：
//环境变量：
//sudo vim /etc/profile
export PATH= /pub/tools/package/toolchain/mips-2012.07/bin:/pub/tools/package/toolchain/mips-2014.05/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/rda/mips-2012.07/lib:/opt/rda/mips-2014.05/lib
//注意：交叉编译器路径不能更改。
//1.因为Ubuntu默认的sh是连接到dash的,又因为dash跟bash的不兼容所以出错了.执行时可以把sh换成bash文件名.sh来执行.成功.dash
//修改sh默认连接到bash的一种方法：
sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash
//修改shell,提示框选择“否”
//kconfig显示使用:
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
MSTAR gawk安装：
//mstar 机顶盒
1、解压“mipsisa32-elf-3.4.4-20101123.i386linux.tar.gz"
应用编译器
2、mips-4.3-51-mips-linux-gnu-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
BOOT编译器
3、make dep
重新制定依赖
4、编译CRC报错：
ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh
5、环境变量设置
/opt/mips-4.3/bin:/opt/gnutools/mipsisa32-elf-3.4.4/bin
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mips-4.3/bin:/opt/gnutools/mipsisa32-elf-3.4.4/bin
//1.aeon会提示找不到gawk
//提示：
/bin/sh: /bin/gawk: No such file or directory
//解决如下：
sudo apt-get install gawk
sudo cp /usr/bin/gawk /bin
//2.编译CRC报错：
sudo ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh解压：aeon.tar.gz
sudo cp /usr/bin/gawk /bin
export PATH=/opt/mstar/aeon/bin:$PATH
JDK1.8
//通过PPA源安装,使用add-apt-repository要安装如下软件包
sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
//添加PPA源
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ppa_name
//删除PPA源
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/app_name.list
//删除KEY
sudo apt-key del key
//添加JDK源&安装
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
//在多个JDK版本中切换JDK
sudo update-alternatives --config java
//设置一个默认JAVA：
sudo update-alternatives --config javac
其它常用工具：
sudo apt-get install -y autoconf
sudo apt-get install -y binutils
sudo apt-get install -y bison
sudo apt-get install -y bzip2
sudo apt-get install -y cmake
sudo apt-get install -y exuberant-ctags
sudo apt-get install -y flex
sudo apt-get install -y gettext
sudo apt-get install -y lib32ncurses5-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libncurses5-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libz-dev
sudo apt-get install -y lszrz
sudo apt-get install -y ncurses-term
sudo apt-get install -y patch
sudo apt-get install -y sharutils
sudo apt-get install -y texinfo
sudo apt-get install -y tmux
sudo apt-get install -y unrar
sudo apt-get install -y unzip
sudo apt-get install -y zip
sudo apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev
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