本文与大家分享一下在java中怎么比较两个对象中的成员变量
class Student {
public String name;
public int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
public class Test2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan",18);
Student student2 = new Student("lisi",20);
Student student3 = new Student("wangwu",16);
}
}
假设我们要比较student1和student2,那么我们如果直接比较:
会发现是行不通的
注意:在java中,是不能直接比较引用类型的
本文提供以下方法:
1.compareTo方法
同理,如果我们定义两个字符串,也是不能直接比较的。那么我们查看String提供的方法时,会发现提供了comparetTo方法
可以帮助我们比较两个字符串
那么我们观察·compareTo方法,可以发现:
可以发现实际上他是在一个接口中使用的,而String类定义的时候,也是实现了这个接口的
说明:我们要想通过compareTo比较student类,必须实现Comparable接口
接下来是代码体现:
class Student implements Comparable<Student>//比较谁就写谁{
public String name;
public int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Student o) {
return this.age - o.age;
}
}
public class Test2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan",18);
Student student2 = new Student("lisi",20);
Student student3 = new Student("wangwu",16);
if(student1.compareTo(student2) > 0)
{
System.out.println("student1 > student2");
}else{
System.out.println("student1 <= student2");
}
}
}
这里是通过年龄比较的,如果要通过名字比较,改一下重写的compareTo方法即可
@Override
public int compareTo(Student o) {
return this.name.compareTo(o.name);
}
2.Array.sort
学数组的时候,在排序整型数组的时候,我们应该都使用过Array.sort方法进行排序,那么student类可以吗? 答案是不能直接使用
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan",18);
Student student2 = new Student("lisi",20);
Student student3 = new Student("wangwu",16);
Student[] students = new Student[]{
student1,student2
};
Arrays.sort(students);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
}
当我们运行时,会报错!
我们点开第一个报错的点
at java.util.ComparableTimSort.countRunAndMakeAscending(ComparableTimSort.java:320)
会发现实际上Array.sort方法会将数组里面每一个元素强转为Comparable类型,但是student类和Comparable接口没有任何关系,怎么能随意强转?
那么我们在Student类后面实现Comparable接口就好了
class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
public String name;
public int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Student o) {
return this.name.compareTo(o.name);
}
}
public class Test2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan",18);
Student student2 = new Student("lisi",20);
Student student3 = new Student("wangwu",16);
Student[] students = new Student[]{
student1,student2,student3
};
Arrays.sort(students);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
}
}
同样,想通过年龄比较,修改类中重写的compareTo方法即可
为什么整型类型的数组可以直接排序??
实际上是因为在调用的时候会将int包装成包装类
甚者,我们可以自己实现排序:
public class Test2 {
public static void mySort(Comparable[] comparables) {
for (int i = 0; i < comparables.length-1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <comparables.length-1-i; j++) {
if(comparables[j].compareTo(comparables[j+1]) > 0)
{
Comparable tmp = comparables[j];
comparables[j] = comparables[j + 1];
comparables[j + 1] = tmp;
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan",18);
Student student2 = new Student("lisi",20);
Student student3 = new Student("wangwu",16);
Student[] students = new Student[]{
student1,student2,student3
};
mySort(students);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
}
}
3.比较器——更加灵活
class AgeCompare implements Comparator<Student> {
@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
return o1.age - o2.age;
}
}
class NameCompare implements Comparator<Student> {
@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
return o1.name.compareTo(o2.name);
}
}
public class Test2 {
public static void mySort(Comparable[] comparables) {
for (int i = 0; i < comparables.length-1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <comparables.length-1-i; j++) {
if(comparables[j].compareTo(comparables[j+1]) > 0)
{
Comparable tmp = comparables[j];
comparables[j] = comparables[j + 1];
comparables[j + 1] = tmp;
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan",18);
Student student2 = new Student("lisi",20);
Student student3 = new Student("wangwu",16);
AgeCompare ageCompare1 = new ageCompare();
System.out.println(ageCompare1.compare(student3, student1));
NameCompare nameCompare1 = new NameCompare();
System.out.println(nameCompare1.compare(student3, student2));
}
}
其中Comparator接口原理与上述Comparable接口相同
甚者,当我们打开Array.sort时,会发现
实际上sort是可以传比较器的,那么我们就可以这样运用:
Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan",18);
Student student2 = new Student("lisi",20);
Student student3 = new Student("wangwu",16);
Student[] students = new Student[]{
student1,student2,student3
};
nameCompare nameCompare2 = new nameCompare();
Arrays.sort(students,nameCompare2);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
以上就是与大家分享的java当中对象之间的比较
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