如何下载并使用运行在 Ubuntu Linux 服务器上的 KVM 云镜像?如何在 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS 服务器上无需完整安装即可创建虚拟机?如何在 Ubuntu Linux 上使用 KVM 云镜像?
基于内核的虚拟机(KVM)是 Linux 内核的虚拟化模块,可将其转变为虚拟机管理程序。你可以在命令行使用 Ubuntu 为 libvirt 和 KVM 提供的虚拟化前端通过 KVM 创建 Ubuntu 云镜像。
这个快速教程展示了如何安装和使用 uvtool,它为 Ubuntu 云镜像下载,libvirt 和 clout_int 提供了统一的集成虚拟机前端。
步骤 1 - 安装 KVM
你必须安装并配置 KVM。使用 apt 命令/apt-get 命令,如下所示:
$ sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virtinst bridge-utils cpu-checker
$ kvm-ok
## [configure bridged networking as described here][3]
$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
$ sudo systemctl restart networking
$ sudo brctl show
参阅如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Headless 服务器上安装 KVM 以获得更多信息。(LCTT 译注:Headless 服务器是指没有本地接口的计算设备,专用于向其他计算机及其用户提供服务。)
步骤 2 - 安装 uvtool
$ sudo apt install uvtool
示例输出:
[sudo] password for vivek:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
gksu libgksu2-0 libqt5designer5 libqt5help5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5xml5 python3-dbus.mainloop.pyqt5 python3-notify2 python3-pyqt5 python3-sip
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
cloud-image-utils distro-info python-boto python-pyinotify python-simplestreams socat ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring uvtool-libvirt
Suggested packages:
cloud-utils-euca shunit2 python-pyinotify-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
cloud-image-utils distro-info python-boto python-pyinotify python-simplestreams socat ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring uvtool uvtool-libvirt
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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步骤 3 - 下载 Ubuntu 云镜像
你需要使用 uvt-simplestreams-libvirt 命令。它维护一个 libvirt 容量存储池,作为一个简单流simplestreams源的镜像子集的本地镜像,比如 Ubuntu 云镜像。要使用当前所有 amd64 镜像更新 uvtool 的 libvirt 容量存储池,运行:
$ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt sync arch=amd64
要更新/获取 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (xenial/amd64) 镜像,运行:
$ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt --verbose sync release=xenial arch=amd64
示例输出:
Adding: com.ubuntu.cloud:server:16.04:amd64 20171121.1
通过 query 选项查询本地镜像:
$ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt query
示例输出:
release=xenial arch=amd64 label=release (20171121.1)
现在,我为 Ubuntu xenial 创建了一个镜像,接下来我会创建虚拟机。
步骤 4 - 创建 SSH 密钥
你需要使用 SSH 密钥才能登录到 KVM 虚拟机。如果你根本没有任何密钥,请使用 ssh-keygen 命令创建一个新的密钥。
$ ssh-keygen
步骤 5 - 创建 VM
是时候创建虚拟机了,它叫 vm1,即创建一个 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS 虚拟机:
$ uvt-kvm create vm1
默认情况下 vm1 使用以下配置创建:
内存:512M
磁盘大小:8GiB
CPU:1 vCPU core
要控制内存、磁盘、CPU 和其他配置,使用以下语法:
$ uvt-kvm create vm1 \
--memory MEMORY \
--cpu CPU \
--disk DISK \
--bridge BRIDGE \
--ssh-public-key-file /path/to/your/SSH_PUBLIC_KEY_FILE \
--packages PACKAGES1, PACKAGES2, .. \
--run-script-once RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE \
--password PASSWORD
其中
--password PASSWORD:设置 ubuntu 用户的密码和允许使用 ubuntu 的用户登录(不推荐,使用 ssh 密钥)。
--run-script-once RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE : 第一次启动时,在虚拟机上以 root 身份运行 RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE 脚本,但再也不会运行。这里给出完整的路径。这对于在虚拟机上运行自定义任务时非常有用,例如设置安全性或其他内容。
--packages PACKAGES1, PACKAGES2, .. : 在第一次启动时安装以逗号分隔的软件包。
要获取帮助,运行:
$ uvt-kvm -h
$ uvt-kvm create -h
如何删除虚拟机?
要销毁/删除名为 vm1 的虚拟机,运行(请小心使用以下命令,因为没有确认框):
$ uvt-kvm destroy vm1
获取 vm1 的 IP 地址,运行:
$ uvt-kvm ip vm1
192.168.122.52
列出所有运行的虚拟机
$ uvt-kvm list
示例输出:
vm1
freebsd11.1
步骤 6 - 如何登录 vm1
语法是:
$ uvt-kvm ssh vm1
示例输出:
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-101-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest:
http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud
0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
Last login: Thu Dec 7 09:55:06 2017 from 192.168.122.1
另一个选择是从 macOS/Linux/Unix/Windows 客户端使用常规的 ssh 命令:
$ ssh ubuntu@192.168.122.52
$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa ubuntu@192.168.122.52
示例输出:
一旦创建了 vim,你可以照常使用 virsh 命令:
$ virsh list
本文由 LCTT 原创编译,Linux中国 荣誉推出