maven 搭建spring cloud项目 spring+maven

一、搭建步骤

1. 创建maven项目，创建webapp目录
2. pom文件导入相应依赖坐标
3. 创建包结构（Controller、Service、Dao、entity)
4. 创建web配置文件
5. 编写简单示例（Controller、Service、Dao、entity)
6. 创建jsp页面
7. 简单测试（访问页面+访问数据）

二、开始

2. 使用Idea创建maven项目，并在项目添加web模块



3. 
   



4. 创建artifact——项目资源组合体



5. 创建spring模块



6. 搭建tomcat服务器



7. 选择artifacts作为发布



8. 导入相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>springTest</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- druid数据源 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring上下文 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- web应用开发核心类 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mvc框架相关类 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- servlet依赖的jar包start -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- jsp依赖jar包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 处理 JSON 格式数据的类库 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 文件上传 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- jdbc模板 -->
         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 事务支持 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>

4. 创建项目包结构，简单Student样例



5. 创建spring和web配置文件

创建applicationContext.xml文件

创建spring配置文件

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 加载配置文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com"></context:component-scan>


    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>


</beans>

继续创建JDBC配置文件——jdbc.properties

jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/competition?serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123

此时，resources目录下应该有两个文件applicationContext.xml和jdbc.properties

配置web.xml文件（web/WEB-INF/web.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!-- 全局上下文 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- Spring前端控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <absolute-ordering></absolute-ordering>
    
    <!-- 监听器 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

创建spring-mvc.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!-- mvc驱动器 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <!-- 静态资源权限开放 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.controller"/>

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

5. 编写简单java示例，获取student信息

Entity层实体类

package com.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
/**
 * 学生实体类
 */
public class Student {
    /**
     * 学生学号
     */
    private String id;
    /**
     * 学生姓名
     */
    private String name;
    /**
     * 登录密码
     */
    private String password;
    /**
     * 性别
     */
    private String sex;
    /**
     * 班级编号
     */
    private String classId;
    /**
     * 注册时间
     */
    private String createTime;
    /**
     * 联系电话
     */
    private String contactNumber;
    /**
     * 修改时间
     */
    private String modifyTime;
    /**
     * 最后登录时间
     */
    private String lastTime;
}

Controller层接口

package com.controller;

import com.entity.Student;
import com.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("studentService")
    private StudentService studentService;

    @RequestMapping("/getStudentList")
    @ResponseBody
    public List<Student> getStudentList(){
        return studentService.getStudentList();
    }


    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        return "hello";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getStudent2")
    @ResponseBody
    public String getStudent(){
        return "mmm";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getStudent")
    public ModelAndView getStudent(ModelAndView modelAndView){
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId("1111");
        System.out.println(student);
        modelAndView.addObject("student",student);
        modelAndView.setViewName("hello");
        return modelAndView;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getStudent1")
    public String getStudent1(Model model){
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId("1111");
        System.out.println(student);
        model.addAttribute("student",student);
        return "hello";
    }
}

5. 编写简单示例（后端查询学生信息）

创建Entity层实体类Student

package com.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
/**
 * 学生实体类
 */
public class Student {
    /**
     * 学生学号
     */
    private String id;
    /**
     * 学生姓名
     */
    private String name;
    /**
     * 登录密码
     */
    private String password;
    /**
     * 性别
     */
    private String sex;
    /**
     * 班级编号
     */
    private String classId;
    /**
     * 注册时间
     */
    private String createTime;
    /**
     * 联系电话
     */
    private String contactNumber;
    /**
     * 修改时间
     */
    private String modifyTime;
    /**
     * 最后登录时间
     */
    private String lastTime;
}

创建Controller层web接口StudentController

package com.controller;

import com.entity.Student;
import com.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;

    //返回学生列表list
    @RequestMapping("/getStudentList")
    @ResponseBody
    public List<Student> getStudentList(){
        return studentService.getStudentList();
    }

    //返回hello.jsp页面
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        return "hello";
    }
    
    //返回hello.jsp,并且在hello.jsp能通过${student}能获取到student对象值
    @RequestMapping("/getStudent")
    public ModelAndView getStudent(ModelAndView modelAndView){
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId("1111");
        modelAndView.addObject("student",student);
        modelAndView.setViewName("hello");
        return modelAndView;
    }

    //返回hello.jsp,并且在hello.jsp能通过${student}能获取到student对象值
    @RequestMapping("/getStudent1")
    public String getStudent1(Model model){
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId("1111");
        System.out.println(student);
        model.addAttribute("student",student);
        return "hello";
    }
}

创建Service层接口StudentService和类StudentServiceImpl

package com.service;

import com.entity.Student;
import java.util.List;

public interface StudentService {

    List<Student> getStudentList();
}

package com.service.impl;

import com.dao.StudentDao;
import com.entity.Student;
import com.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

    @Autowired
    private StudentDao studentDao;

    public List<Student> getStudentList() {
        return studentDao.getStudentList();
    }
}

创建Dao层接口StudentDao和类StudentDaoImpl

package com.dao;

import com.entity.Student;
import java.util.List;

public interface StudentDao {
    List<Student> getStudentList();
}

package com.dao.impl;

import com.dao.StudentDao;
import com.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.List;

@Component
public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public List<Student> getStudentList() {
        String sql = "select * from student";
        List<Student> students = jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Student>(Student.class));
        return students;
    }
}

此时项目后端结构是这样的：

6. 在web目录下创建js目录存放jsp页面，创建hello.jsp页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>mmm</title>
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        function getStudent() {
            $.ajax({
                url:"/student/getStudentList",
                success : function(result) {//返回数据根据结果进行相应的处理
                    console.log(result)
                }
            });
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body id="div">
    <span>${student}</span>
    <input type="button" value="获取学生列表" onclick="getStudent()">
</body>
</html>

7. 简单测试
   项目里我配置的tomcat端口是8081，默认都是8080，跟你tomcat配置来访问
   
   点击获取学生列表，页面请求后端接口，页面控制台打印
   
   此时简单的spring项目就搭建好啦，这边只用到了jdbcTemplate作为与数据库增删改的工具，后续会更新spring+springMVC+mabatis项目搭建