一、安装Docker
仓库下载地址：https://download.docker.com/
仓库配置文件：https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo也可以选用清华的镜像
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo下载后使用vim编辑一下把地址替换为清华大学镜像的地址
vim docker-ce.repo
查找替换
:%s@https://download.docker.com/@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/@安装Docker要求Centos内核版本高于3.10。可以通过uname -r查看当前系统的内核版本，这里使用的是centos7.4版本。
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64可以查看所有仓库中所有docker版本，并选择特定版本安装
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
可安装的软件包
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.8-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.7-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.9-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.8-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.7-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.3.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.2.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.1.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.0.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.3.ce-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable安装Docker，命令：yum install docker-ce-版本号，不选择版本号则默认安装最新版本。
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y docker-ce出现报错
解决办法：
1、下载container-selinux：
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/container-selinux-2.107-3.el7.noarch.rpm2、安装container-selinux（使用–nodeps --force跳过依赖检查）：
rpm -ivh container-selinux-2.107-3.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps --force安装成功后，启动服务。
[root@centos7 app]# systemctl start docker
[root@centos7 app]# systemctl enable docker查看版本信息
[root@centos7 app]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.8
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.12.17
Git commit: afacb8b
Built: Wed Mar 11 01:27:04 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 19.03.8
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.12.17
Git commit: afacb8b
Built: Wed Mar 11 01:25:42 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.2.13
GitCommit: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc10
GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683二、Docker相关配置文件
Docker组件：
docker-ce:
配置文件：/etc/docker/daemon.jsonDocker镜像加速
docker cn
阿里云加速器
中国科技大学
例：vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors" : ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}
注册阿里云账号,专用加速器地址获得路径：
https://cr.console.aliyun.com/#/accelerator[root@centos7 docker]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors" : ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}逻辑：
Containers：容器，运行时的镜像具有生命周期
Images：镜像、映像
Registry：Image Repositories 镜像仓库
容器的状态：
created：
runing：
paused：
stopped：
deleted：三、docker相关操作
1、docker info
查看当前docker的信息
[root@centos7 docker]# docker info
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 19.03.8
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: <unknown>
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 1.781GiB
Name: centos7.cwj.com
ID: RK6H:JQZP:EFEH:ZOTJ:CER3:JF72:BZXT:WYFZ:6QEL:EAQP:SFVX:MKW3
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://registry.docker-cn.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false2、docker search
在Docker Hub中搜索镜像
[root@centos7 docker]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 13152 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1796 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 771 [OK]
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 111
bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 83 [OK]
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 70 [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 58 [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 57
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 48 [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 42 [OK]
nginx/unit NGINX Unit is a dynamic web and application … 37
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 30
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 24 [OK]
schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 18 [OK]
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 14
centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13
centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 13
raulr/nginx-wordpress Nginx front-end for the official wordpress:f… 12 [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter 12
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 7 [OK]
mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 6 [OK]
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Contr… 5 [OK]
wodby/nginx Generic nginx 1 [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 1 [OK]
centos/nginx-110-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.10 or building … 03、docker pull 等价于docker image pull
从docker registry中获取镜像
[root@centos7 docker]# docker pull busybox
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
e2334dd9fee4: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a8cf7ff6367c2afa2a90acd081b484cbded349a7076e7bdf37a05279f276bc12
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
docker.io/library/busybox:latest
[root@centos7 docker]# docker pull nginx:1.14-alpine
1.14-alpine: Pulling from library/nginx
bdf0201b3a05: Pull complete
3d0a573c81ed: Pull complete
8129faeb2eb6: Pull complete
3dc99f571daf: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:485b610fefec7ff6c463ced9623314a04ed67e3945b9c08d7e53a47f6d108dc7
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.14-alpine
docker.io/library/nginx:1.14-alpine4、docker image ls
列出当前服务器上的镜像文件。
[root@centos7 docker]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest be5888e67be6 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
nginx 1.14-alpine 8a2fb25a19f5 13 months ago 16MB5、docker network ls
列出docker本地的网络类型
[root@centos7 app]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
6d86f805cb88 bridge bridge local
4c484f1fad68 host host local
08e0be372dd3 none null local[root@centos7 app]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:06:c0:3d:08 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 06、docker ps等价于docker containers ls
列出处于运行状态的容器
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c11c79b63651 busybox "sh" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes busy17、docker run
在新容器中运行命令，不指定命令则运行容器默认的命令。
运行busybox容器，该容器默认运行一个shell
[root@centos7 app]# docker run --name busy1 -it busybox
/ #
/ # ls /
bin dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # ps
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:00 sh
7 root 0:00 ps在busybox中运行一个web服务
/ # httpd -h
httpd: option requires an argument -- h
BusyBox v1.31.1 (2020-04-14 01:09:51 UTC) multi-call binary.
Usage: httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM] [-h HOME]
or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING
Listen for incoming HTTP requests
-i Inetd mode
-f Don't daemonize
-v[v] Verbose
-p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80)
-u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port
-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
-h HOME Home directory (default .)
-c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf)
-m STRING MD5 crypt STRING
-e STRING HTML encode STRING
-d STRING URL decode STRING
/ # mkdir -p /data/html
/ # vi /data/html/index.html
/ # cat /data/html/index.html
<h1>Busybox httpd server</h1>
/ # httpd -f -h /data/html/使用docker inspect NAME 查看指定容器的详细信息。
[root@centos7 ~]# docker inspect busy1
...
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "6d86f805cb88b5f2b58935668b9c167eeeec96954de703198ada35fa36ffb0ef",
"EndpointID": "7d96146e29bd955afa0c98906c573dbd857fa7e3412f676eae7ba90107fcafd4",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]在容器外部使用curl命令访问测试。
[root@centos7 ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
<h1>Busybox httpd server</h1>运行nginx容器
[root@centos7 app]# docker run --name web1 -d nginx:1.14-alpine ##-d表示在后台运行容器并打印容器ID
47ae69d98ad0bb55f920c8f2535ab31bce2fcdc51c4545f84ad240c323ccfbaf
[root@centos7 app]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
47ae69d98ad0 nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp web1nginx -g daemon off表示nginx进程在容器中运行于前台，在docker中必须有一个运行于前台的进程，否则容器将终止。
[root@centos7 ~]# curl 172.17.0.3
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>8、docker start
运行一个或多个处于停止状态的容器
[root@centos7 app]# docker start -i -a busy1
/ # ls
bin data dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ #9、docker stop和docker kill
这两条命令都是用于停止正在运行的容器，docker stop是属于正常终止，相当于发送15信号，docker kill是强制终止，相当于发送9信号。
[root@centos7 ~]# docker stop busy1
busy1
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c11c79b63651 busybox "sh" 38 minutes ago Exited (137) 41 seconds ago busy1
[root@centos7 ~]# docker kill busy1
busy1
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c11c79b63651 busybox "sh" 39 minutes ago Exited (137) 5 seconds ago busy110、删除容器
# [root@centos7 app]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c11c79b63651 busybox "sh" 40 minutes ago Exited (137) 38 seconds ago busy1
[root@centos7 app]# docker rm busy1
busy1
[root@centos7 app]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES11、docker exec
在运行的容器中执行命令，如：可以通过运行一个shell进入到运行的web1容器中，并查看其信息。
[root@centos7 ~]# docker exec -it web1 /bin/sh
/ # ls
bin dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
/ # ps
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
6 nginx 0:00 nginx: worker process
7 root 0:00 /bin/sh
13 root 0:00 ps12、docker logs
获取某个容器的日志信息。
[root@centos7 ~]# docker logs web1
172.17.0.1 - - [11/May/2020:13:08:17 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
172.17.0.1 - - [11/May/2020:13:30:27 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
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