引言:循环依赖就是N个类中循环嵌套引用,如果在日常开发中我们用new 对象的方式发生这种循环依赖的话程序会在运行时一直循环调用,直至内存溢出报错。下面说一下Spring是如果解决循环依赖的。


第一种:构造器参数循环依赖



Spring容器会将每一个正在创建的Bean 标识符放在一个“当前创建Bean池”中,Bean标识符在创建过程中将一直保持
在这个池中,因此如果在创建Bean过程中发现自己已经在“当前创建Bean池”里时将抛出
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException异常表示循环依赖;而对于创建完毕的Bean将从“当前创建Bean池”中清除掉。


首先我们先初始化三个Bean。



1. public class StudentA {  
2.   
3. private StudentB studentB ;  
4.   
5. public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {  
6. this.studentB = studentB;  
7.     }  
8.   
9. public StudentA() {  
10.     }  
11.       
12. public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {  
13. this.studentB = studentB;  
14.     }  
15. }


1. public class StudentB {  
2.   
3. private StudentC studentC ;  
4.   
5. public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {  
6. this.studentC = studentC;  
7.     }  
8.       
9. public StudentB() {  
10.     }  
11.   
12. public StudentB(StudentC studentC) {  
13. this.studentC = studentC;  
14.     }  
15. }



    1. public class StudentC {  
    2.   
    3. private StudentA studentA ;  
    4.   
    5. public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {  
    6. this.studentA = studentA;  
    7.     }  
    8.   
    9. public StudentC() {  
    10.     }  
    11.    
    12. public StudentC(StudentA studentA) {  
    13. this.studentA = studentA;  
    14.     }  
    15. }



    OK,上面是很基本的3个类,,StudentA有参构造是StudentB。StudentB的有参构造是StudentC,StudentC的有参构造是StudentA ,这样就产生了一个循环依赖的情况,

    我们都把这三个Bean交给Spring管理,并用有参构造实例化


    1. <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA">  
    2. <constructor-arg index="0" ref="b"></constructor-arg>  
    3. </bean>  
    4. <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB">  
    5. <constructor-arg index="0" ref="c"></constructor-arg>  
    6. </bean>  
    7. <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC">  
    8. <constructor-arg index="0" ref="a"></constructor-arg>  
    9. </bean>

    下面是测试类:



    1. public class Test {  
    2. public static void main(String[] args) {  
    3. new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
    4. //System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));  
    5.     }  
    6. }


    执行结果报错信息为:


    1. Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:   
    2. 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?

    如果大家理解开头那句话的话,这个报错应该不惊讶,Spring容器先创建单例StudentA,StudentA依赖StudentB,然后将A放在“当前创建Bean池”中,此时创建StudentB,StudentB依赖StudentC ,然后将B放在“当前创建Bean池”中,此时创建StudentC,StudentC又依赖StudentA, 但是,此时Student已经在池中,所以会报错,,因为在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以会依赖错误 ,(初始化完的Bean会从池中移除)


    第二种:setter方式单例,默认方式



    如果要说setter方式注入的话,我们最好先看一张Spring中Bean实例化的图

    spring 循环依赖从哪个版本禁止的_实例化


    如图中前两步骤得知:Spring是先将Bean对象实例化之后再设置对象属性的


    修改配置文件为set方式注入


    1. <!--scope="singleton"(默认就是单例方式)  -->  
    2. <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton">  
    3. <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>  
    4. </bean>  
    5. <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="singleton">  
    6. <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>  
    7. </bean>  
    8. <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="singleton">  
    9. <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>  
    10. </bean>


    下面是测试类:


    1. public class Test {  
    2. public static void main(String[] args) {  
    3. new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
    4. "a", StudentA.class));  
    5.     }  
    6. }


    打印结果为:



    1. com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6


    为什么用set方式就不报错了呢 ?

        我们结合上面那张图看,Spring先是用构造实例化Bean对象 ,此时Spring会将这个实例化结束的对象放到一个Map中,并且Spring提供了获取这个未设置属性的实例化对象引用的方法。   结合我们的实例来看,,当Spring实例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,紧接着会去设置对象的属性,此时StudentA依赖StudentB,就会去Map中取出存在里面的单例StudentB对象,以此类推,不会出来循环的问题喽、


    下面是Spring源码中的实现方法,。以下的源码在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java类中




    1. /** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(缓存单例实例化对象的Map集合) */  
    2. private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64);  
    3.       
    4. /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(单例的工厂Bean缓存集合) */  
    5. private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16);  
    6.       
    7. /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的单身对象缓存集合) */  
    8. private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);  
    9.       
    10. /** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(单例的实例化对象名称集合) */  
    11. private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64);  
    12. /**
    13.      * 添加单例实例
    14.      * 解决循环引用的问题
    15.      * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton
    16.      * if necessary.
    17.      * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to
    18.      * resolve circular references.
    19.      * @param beanName the name of the bean
    20.      * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object
    21.      */  
    22. protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {  
    23. "Singleton factory must not be null");  
    24. synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {  
    25. if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {  
    26. this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);  
    27. this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);  
    28. this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);  
    29.             }  
    30.         }  
    31.     }

    第三种:setter方式原型,prototype


    修改配置文件为:



    1. <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
    2. <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>  
    3. </bean>  
    4. <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
    5. <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>  
    6. </bean>  
    7. <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
    8. <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>  
    9. </bean>


    scope="prototype" 意思是 每次请求都会创建一个实例对象。两者的区别是:有状态的bean都使用Prototype作用域,无状态的一般都使用singleton单例作用域。


    测试用例:



    1. public class Test {  
    2. public static void main(String[] args) {  
    3. new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
    4. //此时必须要获取Spring管理的实例,因为现在scope="prototype" 只有请求获取的时候才会实例化对象</strong>  
    5. "a", StudentA.class));  
    6.     }  
    7. }

    打印结果:


    为什么原型模式就报错了呢 ?

    1. Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:   
    2. 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?

    对于“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器无法完成依赖注入,因为“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容
    器不进行缓存,因此无法提前暴露一个创建中的Bean。