菜鸟D在工作时,用户提到要给系统添加一个定时发送邮件的功能,这个菜鸟D没有写过,只是知道基本原理是怎么回事。根据我的想法:新开一个线程,线程中添加一个计时器,由计时器来完成定时的任务。至于发送邮件,写个方法就OK了,毕竟网上封装好的发送邮件功能都烂大街了。但是在实际工作的时候却发生一些意外,比如线程什么时候开启?随时用随时开启还是一启动就开启,毋庸置疑是后者嚒。有了思路一切都好办了,在网上搜索一部分资料整理如下:
自动发送邮件,通常使用的几种方法:
winform做UI时,可以在程序的load事件中,或者其他控件驱动事件中执行邮件发送任务。定时功能可以通过Windows的计划任务,设置指定时间执行winform程序,执行完成之后自动关闭即可。
2.使用sqlserver数据库发送邮件,使用sqlserver实现发送邮件的存储过程,指定定时执行。(此方法未尝试,具体过程下文详细转述)
web做UI时,可以在Global.asax全局文件里做一些编程。事件Application_Start。自动定时执行可以交给计时器timer来执行。
接下来介绍一些需要注意的地方:
1.可以封装一个邮件发送的操作类,便于移植及日后的使用。
System.Timers.Timer; System.Threading.Timer;System.Web.UI.Timer 共有三种计时器,由于自动发送邮件在服务器端执行,此例中个人建议使用第一种,其他情况具体分析,可参见)
2:
Sqlserver发送邮件:
一.启用Database Mail XPs功能。查看Database Mail XPs功能是否打开,从返回结果来看,value为0说明没有打开,注意SQL Mail XPs是SQL Server早期版本提供的发送邮件功能,而现在用的是Database Mail XPs来实现发送邮件。
select name, value, description, is_dynamic, is_advanced
from sys.configurations
where name like '%mail%'
/*name value description is_dynamic is_advanced
SQL Mail XPs 0 Enable or disable SQL Mail XPs 1 1
Database Mail XPs 0 Enable or disable Database Mail XPs 1 1*/
启动Database Mail XPs功能:
sp_configure 'show advanced options',1
go
reconfigure
go
sp_configure 'Database Mail XPs',1
go
reconfigure
go
二、配置数据库邮件
1、点开管理目录,右键“数据库邮件”,选择“配置数据库邮件”选项;
2、弹出“数据库邮件配置向导”,单击下一步:
3、选择“通过执行以下任务来安装数据库邮件”选项,单击下一步:
4、输入“配置文件名”,这里我输入的是:db_mail,然后单击右侧的“添加”按钮:
5、输入账户名、说明,按照你的实际情况,输入:电子邮件地址、服务器名称,用户名和密码,必须要输入正确,否则就不能正确发送邮件。
6、填写完成后,单击下一步:
7、在“公共”选项打上勾,单击下一步:
8、可以修改“配置系统参数”,比如账户重试次数,禁止的附件文件扩展名,单击下一步:
9、单击完成按钮,显示配置成功。
三、发送邮件
DECLARE @email_conetent VARCHAR(8000); --存放邮件正文
--计算有多少条记录
SELECT @email_conetent = '你的数据库,共有:'+ cast(COUNT(*) as varchar) + '个表!' FROM sys.tables;
--发送邮件
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail
@profile_name = 'db_mail', --配置文件名称
@recipients = 'abc@163.com', --收件email地址
@subject = '你好', --邮件主题
@body = @email_conetent --邮件正文内容
四、查看数据库邮件日志。右键“数据库邮件”,选择“查看数据库邮件日志”:
下面简述方法3:
protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) //Global.asax
{
Timer t = new Timer(60000);//设计时间间隔,如果一个小时执行一次就改为3600000 ,这里一分钟调用一次
t.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(t_Elapsed);
t.AutoReset = true; //默认为true,可省略
t.Enabled = true;
}
private void t_Elapsed(object sender, ElapsedEventArgs e)
{
//根据具体需要,添加具体功能
}
附:个人整理的邮件发送类
public class EmailHelper
{
#region 字段属性
/// <summary>
/// 发件箱服务器
/// </summary>
public string SendServer { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 收件人邮箱,多人以“;”分割
/// </summary>
public string ToMail { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 发件人邮箱
/// </summary>
public string FromMail { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 发件人密码
/// </summary>
public string Pwd { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 邮件标题
/// </summary>
public string Subject { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 邮件内容
/// </summary>
public string EmailBody { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 发送邮件的端口,默认是25
/// </summary>
private string prot = "25";
/// <summary>
/// 是否使用socket加密传输
/// </summary>
public bool SslEnable { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 是否对发件人邮箱进行密码验证
/// </summary>
public bool PwdCheckEnable { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 发送邮件的端口,默认是25
/// </summary>
public string Prot
{
get { return prot; }
set { prot = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 邮件
/// </summary>
private MailMessage mailMessage;
/// <summary>
/// 发件服务器
/// </summary>
private SmtpClient smtpClient;
private string username;
#endregion
#region 构造方法
public EmailHelper()
: this(null, null, null) { }
public EmailHelper(string tomail, string frommail, string pwd)
: this(tomail, frommail, pwd, null, null) { }
public EmailHelper(string tomail, string frommail, string pwd, string subject = null, string emailbody = null) : this(tomail, frommail, pwd, subject, emailbody, true, true) { }
/// <param name="tomail">收件箱地址,可以使用;隔开多个收件人地址</param>
/// <param name="frommail">发件箱地址</param>
/// <param name="subject">邮件主题</param>
/// <param name="emailbody">邮件内容</param>
/// <param name="pwd">发件箱密码</param>
/// <param name="sslEnable">是否ssl加密传输</param>
/// <param name="pwdcheckEnable">是否验证发件人邮箱密码</param>
public EmailHelper(string tomail, string frommail, string pwd, string subject, string emailbody, bool sslEnable = true, bool pwdcheckEnable = true)
: this(SmtpClientComm.GetSmtp(frommail), tomail, frommail, pwd, subject, emailbody, sslEnable, pwdcheckEnable) { }
/// <summary>
/// 不常用的邮件服务器
/// </summary>
/// <param name="stmpclient">不常用的邮件服务器</param>
/// <param name="tomail">收件箱地址,可以使用;隔开多个收件人地址</param>
/// <param name="frommail">发件箱地址</param>
/// <param name="subject">邮件主题</param>
/// <param name="emailbody">邮件内容</param>
/// <param name="pwd">发件箱密码</param>
/// <param name="sslEnable">是否ssl加密传输</param>
/// <param name="pwdcheckEnable">是否验证发件人邮箱密码</param>
public EmailHelper(string stmpclient, string tomail, string frommail, string pwd, string subject, string emailbody, bool sslEnable = true, bool pwdcheckEnable = true)
{
ToMail = tomail;
FromMail = frommail;
Subject = subject;
EmailBody = emailbody;
Pwd = pwd;
SslEnable = sslEnable;
PwdCheckEnable = pwdcheckEnable;
username = frommail.Substring(0, frommail.IndexOf("@"));
SendServer = stmpclient;
}
#endregion
#region 初始化
/// <summary>
/// 初始化邮件服务器
/// </summary>
private void InitSmtpClient()
{
smtpClient = new SmtpClient();
smtpClient.Host = SendServer;
smtpClient.Port = Convert.ToInt32(Prot);
smtpClient.UseDefaultCredentials = true;
smtpClient.EnableSsl = SslEnable;
smtpClient.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(username, Pwd);
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化邮件信息
/// </summary>
private void InitMailMessage()
{
mailMessage = new MailMessage();
mailMessage.To.Add(ToMail);
if (ToMail.Contains(";"))
{
mailMessage.To.Clear();
foreach (var item in ToMail.Split(new[] { ';' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries))
{
mailMessage.To.Add(item);
}
}
mailMessage.From = new MailAddress(FromMail, username);
mailMessage.Subject = Subject;
mailMessage.SubjectEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
mailMessage.Body = EmailBody;
mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = true;
mailMessage.Priority = MailPriority.Normal;
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 发送邮件
/// </summary>
public void Send()
{
InitMailMessage();
InitSmtpClient();
try
{
if (mailMessage != null)
{
smtpClient.DeliveryMethod = SmtpDeliveryMethod.Network;
smtpClient.Send(mailMessage);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加附件,多个附件使用“;”隔开
/// </summary>
public void AddAttachments(string paths)
{
try
{
string[] path = paths.Split(new[] { ';' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
Attachment data;
ContentDisposition disposition;
for (int i = 0; i < path.Length; i++)
{
data = new Attachment(path[i], MediaTypeNames.Application.Octet);
disposition = data.ContentDisposition;
disposition.CreationDate = File.GetCreationTime(path[i]);
disposition.ModificationDate = File.GetLastWriteTime(path[i]);
disposition.ReadDate = File.GetLastAccessTime(path[i]);
mailMessage.Attachments.Add(data);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 常用的stmp服务器
/// </summary>
public class SmtpClientComm
{
public const string Smtp163 = "smtp.163.com";
public const string Smtp126 = "smtp.126.com";
public const string SmtpQQ = "smtp.qq.com";
public const string Smtp188 = "smtp.188.com";
public const string SmtpYeah = "smtp.yeah.net";
public const string SmtpSina = "smtp.sina.com";
public const string SmtpSohu = "smtp.sohu.com";
public const string SmtpTom = "smtp.tom.com";
public const string SmtpGmail = "smtp.gmail.com";
public const string Smtp139 = "smtp.139.com";
/// <summary>
/// 根据发件箱获取邮件服务器
/// </summary>
public static string GetSmtp(string FromMail)
{
string stmp = string.Empty;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(FromMail))
{
return "";
}
switch (FromMail.Substring(FromMail.IndexOf("@", StringComparison.Ordinal) + 1).ToLower())
{
case "126.com":
stmp = Smtp126; break;
case "163.com":
stmp = Smtp163; break;
case "qq.com":
stmp = SmtpQQ; break;
case "188.com":
stmp = Smtp188; break;
case "yeah.net":
stmp = SmtpYeah; break;
case "sina.com":
stmp = SmtpSina; break;
case "sohu.com":
stmp = SmtpSohu; break;
case "tom.com":
stmp = SmtpTom; break;
case "gmail.com":
stmp = SmtpGmail; break;
case "139.com":
stmp = Smtp139; break;
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(stmp))
{
throw new Exception("未找到对应的邮件服务器");
}
return stmp;
}
}
//邮件测试
EmailHelper em = new EmailHelper("smtp.163.com", "tomail", "frommail", "pwd", "测试", "这是一封测试邮件:http://www.baidu.com", true, false);
em.Send();
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菜鸟D希望这些文字对您有所帮助。